Development of biomarkers inAporrectodea caliginosa andLumbricus rubellus for detecting exposure to benzo[a]pyrene

Booth, Lynn; Heppelthwaite, V. J.; O’Halloran, Kathryn

doi:10.1007/bf02988467

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…EROD, ECOD, AHH, and PROD) might be better indicators than total P450. 21,[24][25][26] However, reported results suggest that they are general as good as total P450 in terms of selectivity, sensivity and effectiveness, probably owing to the diversity and complexity of P450 isoenzymes. For example, Brown et al 26 tried to use EROD activity as a biomarker for diagnosing the ecotoxicity of Py exposure, but found that EROD was not detected in earthworm L. rubellus.…”

Section: Cyt P450 As a Potential Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 96%

“…EROD was reduced and PROD was unchanged in E. crypticus after short-term exposure to BaP. 21,25 However, Saint-Denis et al 24 showed MROD activity was particularly sensitive as significant changes were observed at the lowest concentration of BaP (50 mg kg À1 soil). Therefore, the effectiveness of P450 isoenzymes as biomarker depends on the choice of the appropriate isoenzyme responding to the specific stressor.…”

Section: Cyt P450 As a Potential Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22][23] However, most studies were limited to exploring the usefulness of total P450 content and isoenzyme activities (e.g., BROD, ECOD and EROD) in earthworms as a biomarker for assessing ecotoxic response of contaminants in soil, owing mainly to technical difficulties in obtaining purified microsomal fraction for measuring P450 content without interference. 21,[24][25][26] Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent and recalcitrant contaminants with soil being their largest sink. Some PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are proven carcinogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earthworm cytochrome P450 determination and application as a biomarker for diagnosing PAH exposure

Zhang

Song

Gong³

et al. 2006

J. Environ. Monit.

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We developed a new microsome purification method and used the Omura and Sato method to measure the total content of cytochrome (Cyt) P450 in earthworm (Eisenia fetida) microsomes. In method development, two different pretreatments, i.e. solubilization or manual separation were used to purify worm microsomes. Solubilization was more effective than manual separation and difference spectra showed a peak at 450 +/- 1 nm in microsomes received solubilization pretreatment. We conducted a 48 h contact test by exposing worms on pyrene (Py) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) spiked filter paper. A dose-response relationship was established between total P450 content and the concentration of Py or BaP ranging from 10(-6) mg mL(-1) to 10(-2) mg mL(-1). Results show that total Cyt P450 content in earthworms is a promising biomarker for diagnosing PAHs exposure at sublethal dose ranges.

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Section: Cyt P450 As a Potential Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Cyt P450 As a Potential Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earthworm cytochrome P450 determination and application as a biomarker for diagnosing PAH exposure

Zhang

Song

Gong³

et al. 2006

J. Environ. Monit.

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“…The requirement of O 2 and NADPH as well as the inhibition of enzyme activity by CO or SKF-525A with an optimal pH of 7-8 strongly suggested the presence of CYPs in earthworms. 117,122,124,125) However, the difference spectrum of the reduced CO-treated microsomal fraction showed the peak at 420 nm instead of the 450 nm peak typical for CYPs, most likely due to the interference by giant hemoglobin characteristic to the earthworms. 114,122,123,129) The presence of CYP in the microsomal fraction was spectrophotometrically supported after removal of the hemoglobin through successive chromatographic purifications.…”

Section: Oxidasesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in the earthworm

Katagi

Ose

2015

Journal of Pesticide Science

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The toxic effects of pesticides on earthworms, one of the most important bioindicators in the terrestrial environment, are closely related to their body burden determined by uptake, metabolism and excretion processes. Not only the passive diffusion via the outer skin from a dissolved fraction of pesticide but also the ingestion of contaminated soil and food governs the uptake process, with each contribution controlled by either the hydrophobicity of the pesticide or the soil organic matter. Although the available information is limited, earthworms are likely to metabolize pesticides via hydrolysis and oxidation (Phase I) followed by conjugation (Phase II), and low bioaccumulation is observed as a result for most pesticides. The acute toxicity in the soil exposure can be partly explained by the dissolved fraction of pesticide in pore water, but the contribution of dietary uptake and metabolism should be further studied to correctly evaluate pesticide toxicity.

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“…It has been thought that specific P450 isoenzymes (e.g. 1A1, EROD, 3A4) in earthworm might be better indicators than total P450 [7,8,10,20]. However other results have indicated this may not be the case.…”

Section: Advances In Environmental Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome P450 Content in Gut of Earthworm (<i>Eisenia fetida) </i>for Monitoring Pahs Contaminated Soil

Zhang

Song

Liu

et al. 2013

AMR

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known to be pollutants in soil, however there are no effective methods available for determining their ecotoxic effects. We investigated Cytochrome P450 (P450) in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) as a potential biomarker of PAH pollutants in soil. Three types of PAHs were tested which included phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Fla) and pyrene (Py). Earthworm gut was selected to measure the total P450 content in cellular microsomes. Dose-response relationships between total P450 content in earthworm gut and PAH concentration (60, 120, 240, 480 and 960μg kg-1soil (dry weight)) were determined for different exposure durations (1, 3, 7 and 14 days). Results showed that the content of P450 in earthworm changed with exposure to each of PAHs. Biphasic effects were identified in response to each of PAHs tested, in which total P450 content increased due to short, low concentration doses, and decreased due to longer, high concentration doses. Alterations to total P450 content in the presence of PAHs, show that it is a promising biomarker for identifying ecotoxic pollutants at sublethal dose ranges in soil. Further research to identify the specific activity of P450 isoenzymes could further develop and also complement this tool.

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Development of biomarkers inAporrectodea caliginosa andLumbricus rubellus for detecting exposure to benzo[a]pyrene

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Earthworm cytochrome P450 determination and application as a biomarker for diagnosing PAH exposure

Earthworm cytochrome P450 determination and application as a biomarker for diagnosing PAH exposure

Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in the earthworm

Cytochrome P450 Content in Gut of Earthworm (<i>Eisenia fetida) </i>for Monitoring Pahs Contaminated Soil

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