Development of biowaste encapsulated polypropylene composites: Thermal, optical, dielectric, flame retardant, mechanical, and morphological properties

Abstract

Polymer matrix composites have recently gained attraction due to their light weight, low cost, and easy availability, but they are also known for their higher burning rate and low thermal stability. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most used thermoplastic polymers, its thermal stability and flammability have been modified in this study by incorporation of oyster shell powder (OSP) into PP as a filler. Besides flammability and thermal properties, OSP incorporation has some effects on dielectric and mechanical properties of PP. Effect of concentration of OSP (0-50 wt%) on the properties of OSP/PP composites was studied. The burning rate was observed to decrease while thermal stability was increased as a result of OSP addition into PP. Similarly, relative permittivity (dielectric constant) of OSP/PP composites was found higher than that of pure PP. Flame retardancy, thermal stability, and dielectric properties are functions of OSP concentration. Optical tests including fluorescence spectroscopy and FT-IR were conducted to study any possible interactions between OSP and PP. A slight decrease in the tensile strength was observed. FESEM images revealed that the decrease in tensile strength is a result of interfacial flaws between filler particles and matrix.

The influence of particle size and surface treatment of filler on the properties of oyster shell powder filled polypropylene composites

“…Generally, if there is no compatibility between filler powder and matrix, the tensile strength of composites decreases . Also in this study, tensile strength of OSP/PP composites was initially observed to decrease after OSP incorporation (OSPP1).…”

“…OSP is a flame retardant filler due to the evolution of CO 2 during its combustion, and due to the presence of mineral oxides in the seashell . In this study, all OSP/PP composites have similar concentration of OSP particles but still there is a variation in the flammability properties.…”

“…Generally the FR fillers increase fire retardancy and stiffness but cause to decrease the mechanical strength of composites, which has been frequently reported in literature . Mechanical properties highly depend on the distribution of filler particles in matrix and the filler/matrix interfacial adhesion .…”

Biodegradable date stones filler for enhancing mechanical, dynamic, and flame retardant properties of polyamide‐6 biocomposites

“…36%, 37% and 42% in case of PA6G/20, PA6/30, and PA6G/30 composites, respectively, is observed. These results show that the huge liberation of water vapor and CO 2 species when the composite burns acting on the gas dilution fuel mechanism in the gas phase leading to an inhibition of the flame . Figure and Table also show that the PHRR is even replaced by a distinguishable plateau with the time to flame out reach 895 and 892 s for PA6/30 and PA6G/20, respectively.…”

Mechanical Performance of Bio‐Waste‐Filled Carbon Fabric/Epoxy Composites

“…In this study, an attempt has been made for the first time to focus on using waste bio‐renewable materials as fillers for the improvement of carbon composite properties and, importantly, to minimize environmental pollution. Nowadays, plastic pollution is a huge problem due to the plastic waste generated, so resources for recycling and saving materials are desperately needed; as a result, for the past decade or so, many researchers have focused on using natural resources for fabricating composites . However, the natural fibers used in natural fiber‐reinforced composites need to be compared with their traditional uses in terms of their market share.…”