Development of biphasic hydroxyapatite/dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) bone graft using polyurethane foam template:in vitroandin vivostudy

Abstract

In this research, we characterise a new porous calcium phosphate composite composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) prepared by foam casting method using polyurethane foam, designed for osteoconductive and osteoinductive scaffolds. According to the obtained results, the values of elastic modulus, compressive strength and density of the samples reduced with increasing percentage of DCPD phase. The mechanical properties of the prepared samples were near the natural compact bone. After in vitro examination and confirming the bone-like apatite ability of the prepared composites, in vivo examination was employed, and for this purpose, a rabbit model was developed. New bones formed on the outside surface and on the macropore walls of the samples, as osteoids and osteoclasts, were evident 2 months post-operatively. Considering these properties, the prepared composite scaffolds made from HAp and DCPD could be considered as highly bioactive and potential bone tissue engineering implants.

Development of 3D PCL microsphere/TiO2 nanotube composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…Tissue engineering uses the basic principles of material technology and life science to restore the tissue integrity and functionality by replenishing cell density and activity along with encompassing gene expression and protein activity necessary for homeostatic maintenance of the initially damaged area. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Scaffolds are integral to this regenerative process.…”

Evaluation of the in vitro biodegradation and biological behavior of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nano-fluorhydroxyapatite composite microsphere-sintered scaffold for bone tissue engineering

“…The field of tissue engineering currently has opened new opportunities for regeneration of different organs, including bones. 1–17 Various biomaterials, composites, and approaches have been developed for this purpose. 18–21 The most common approach in bone tissue engineering is the implantation of osteoprogenitor cells onto three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds that physically support these bone cells.…”

A Comparison Between Biocompatibilities of Nanocomposites of Silica Doped in HA/Collagen and Those Doped in HA/Gelatin

“…Some of the most significant approaches to such a target have been reviewed in a special issue of Science 1 . During the last decade, a considerable deal of attention has been directed towards the use of bioactive materials, where bioactivity is defined as interfacial bonding of an implant or a bioactive scaffold to tissue by forming a biologically active hydroxyapatite (HA) layer on the bioactive material surface 2 . Among all calcium phosphate bioceramics, HA (with the chemical formula of Ca 10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2 ) is the most extensively used, biocompatible ceramic material for bone tissue engineering, as it has its chemical composition well-similar to those of the bone mineral phase 3 .…”

“…During the last decade, a considerable deal of attention has been directed towards the use of bioactive materials, where bioactivity is defined as interfacial bonding of an implant or a bioactive scaffold to tissue by forming a biologically active hydroxyapatite (HA) layer on the bioactive material surface 2 . Among all calcium phosphate bioceramics, HA (with the chemical formula of Ca 10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2 ) is the most extensively used, biocompatible ceramic material for bone tissue engineering, as it has its chemical composition well-similar to those of the bone mineral phase 3 . A recently established materials concept of biomimetic composites based on silica, collagen, and calcium phosphates was adapted for the preparation of porous scaffolds suitable for tissue engineering applications [4][5][6] .…”