Development of caregiver resilience scale (CRS) for Thai caregivers of older persons with dementia

Developing a Unifying Model of Resilience in Dementia Caregiving: A Scoping Review and Content Analysis

“…Seven measures operationalize resilience as an outcome (Supplemental Appendix 3) and are divided into three subcategories as follows: (a) Self-reported mental health measures (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale [CES-D]; Radloff, 1977), the Geriatric Depression Scale (Yesavage et al, 1983), Life Satisfaction Index (LSI-Z; Wood et al, 1969), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 12/28-item version (Goldberg et al, 1997); (b) Psychophysiological measure (heart rate variability [HRV], the variation over time of the period between consecutive heartbeats, which reflects emotional states of human beings; McCraty et al, 2009); and (c) Caregiver burden measures, including Zarit Burden Inventory (Zarit et al, 1985) and a combined measurement (Gaugler et al, 2007) that utilized several tools to classify caregivers Not applicable 1 (2%) Sarabia-Cobo (2015) A classification of caregiver based on caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Scale) (Zarit et al, 1986) and frequency of care demands (behavior problems, ADLs, IADLs; Katz et al, 1963;Lawton & Brody, 1969;Zarit et al, 1985) Not applicable 1 (2%) (Zauszniewski et al, 2006) 28 1 (2%) Bekhet (2013) Caregiver Resilience Scale (Maneewat et al, 2016) 36 1 (2%) Maneewat et al (2016) Caregiver Resilience Instrument (Ross et al, 2003) 4 questions 1 (2%) Ross et al (2003) The BRCS (Sinclair & Wallston, 2004) 4 3 (6%) Jones, Killett, & Mioshi (2018, Jones, Mioshi, & Killett (2019) Qualitative criteria of resilience (Bennett, 2010) 5 criteria 1 (2%) Donnellan et al (2018) Note. based on subjective burden (Zarit Burden Scale;Zarit et al, 1986) and objective burden (frequency of care demands, including behavior problems, ADLs, instrumental activities of daily living [IADLs]; Katz et al, 1963;Lawton & Brody, 1969;Zarit et al, 1985).…”

“…Seven measures, five quantitative and two qualitative, defined resilience as a process and an outcome, conceptualized as care partners' self-perceived capacities or resources to address challenges successfully. The quantitative measures are the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA; Friborg et al, 2003), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS; Smith et al, 2008), Resourcefulness Scale (RS; Zauszniewski et al, 2006), Caregiver Resilience Scale (Maneewat et al, 2016), and the Brief Resilience Coping Scale (BRCS; Sinclair & Wallston, 2004). The two qualitative measures are (a) Caregiver Resilience Instrument, containing questions about the process of coping with stress and the outcomes of engaging these coping strategies (Ross et al, 2003) and (b) a set of qualitative criteria used by researchers in analyzing longitudinal semistructured interviews with dementia care partners to categorize them as resilient or not (Bennett, 2010;Donnellan et al, 2018).…”

“…et al (2017),Elnasseh et al (2016),Gough et al (2010),Gulin et al (2018),Joling et al (2015Joling et al ( , 2016,Kidd et al (2011),,Maneewat et al (2016), O'Dwyer et al (2013,Perrin et al (2018),Roberts & Struckmeyer (2018),Ross et al (2003),Sarabia-Cobo (2015),Svanberg et al (2010),Trapp et al (2015),Trujillo et al (2016), Wilks (2006, 2008,Wilks et al (2011), Wilks & Vonk (2008,Wilks et al (2013),Donnellan et al (2018),Rosa et al (2018),Senturk et al (2018),Serra et al Jones, Killett, & Mioshi (2019),Kimura et al (2019) …”

Factors associated with resilience in spousal caregivers of patients with cancer: An integrative review

“…In a correlation analysis, there was a positive correlation between resilience and spirituality ( r = 0.220, p < .05; Palacio & Limonero, 2019 ). Spiritual competence was identified as a protective factor that contributed to resilience in primary caregivers by using religious teaching and gatherings, belief, hope, strength and faith obtained from spiritual support (Maneewat et al., 2016 ). Hence, spirituality was found as a positive factor that promoted resilience in spousal caregivers in the context of cancer.…”

Propiedades psicométricas de una escala de resiliencia en cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores

“…Asimismo, respecto a otros estudios de validación en cuidadores, en el estudio de Crespo et al (2014), que utilizó la Escala de resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC), se presentaron valores de consistencia interna similares para el factor Afrontamiento y persistencia, con ítems como "puedo afrontar lo que venga", en comparación con el factor Resiliencia instrumental de este estudio, con ítems como "enfrenté inmediatamente los problemas que tuve". También, en el estudio de Maneewat et al (2016), donde se utilizó la Escala de resiliencia del cuidador (CRS), compuesta por cinco dimensiones específicas a las competencias de un cuidador (competencia física, competencia en la relación, competencia emocional, competencia cognitiva y competencia espiritual), a pesar de que no se realizaron análisis confirmatorios, se encontró una consistencia interna total de .87, puntaje bastante similar al encontrado en el presente estudio (.88) para el IRES. Y, por otro lado, en el trabajo de Perrin et al (2018), donde se examinó la Escala de Resiliencia para Adultos (RSA) en población argentina y mexicana con cuatro factores -apoyo social, competencia personal, coherencia familiar y competencia social-, se encontró un alfa de Cronbach de .94, bastante superior al IRES en el presente estudio; sin embargo, el tamaño para la muestra mexicana fue bajo, ya que solo incluyó 20 participantes, además de que los cuidadores no eran solo familiares, sino que se incluían también profesionales y amigos.…”