This study aimed to recover β-carotene from peels produced as a by-product during the industrial processing of pumpkins using a high-e ciency technology that produces no waste and is harmless to the environment. β-Carotene extraction from pumpkin peel was carried out by maceration and ultrasound-assisted technique, with sun ower oil instead of nhexane as an environment-friendly solvent. In uence of the lecithin:PGPR (polyglycerol polyricinoleate) ratio was studied for microemulsion solvent method on β-carotene extraction. Response Surface Methodoloy was used to optimize the parameters of each performed treatment. The produced sun ower oil was utilized to prepare mayonnaise. Sensory avor of the product, as well as the change in color and peroxide characteristics after rapid storage were also determined. Under optimal conditions, maceration with sun ower oil, maceration with n-hexane, ultrasound-assisted, and microemulsion solvent methods, extracted β-carotene levels were 99. 83, 125.75, 127.93, and 149.71 mg/100 g DM, respectively. Most e cient β-carotene extraction was obtained utilizing a microemulsion system with 0.098% lecithin and 1.902% PGPR as the solvent. Mayonnaise made with β-carotene-rich sun ower oil was well received in terms of sensory quality, with no negative changes in the product's unique features. β-Carotene enhanced mayonnaise was more resistant to oxidation during storage than the control mayonnaise as shown by the results of color and peroxide values.
HighlightsThe extraction of β-carotene from pumpkin peel was investigated using green extraction solvents and techniques.RSM was used to optimize the β-carotene extraction conditions. Extraction e ciency was better in a microemulsion containing 0.098 % lecithin and 1.902 % PGPR as compared to sun ower oil.Using ultrasound, the maceration operation was made easier.Mayonnaise is made from sun ower oil that has been forti ed with β-carotene.
Statement Of NoveltyThe creation of strategies to manufacture value-added products from food processing wastes is currently one of the most important research eld among various disciplines, particularly food and the environment. Waste evaluation can have a signi cant economic impact in addition to its environmental factors if a value-added product is developed. However, another point worth mentioning is that the technologies employed for waste evaluation in this study are harmless to human health and the environment. The goal of this research was to recover β-carotene from pumpkin peels, which are a process waste, and convert it to sun ower oil using maceration, ultrasound, and microemulsion solvent techniques. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive research has been done on the recovery of β-carotene from pumpkin peel using sun ower oil and microemulsion as green solvents.