Development of cellular immune response of mice to infection with low doses of Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis larvae

Abstract

The murine cellular immune response to the infection with ten larvae of encapsulating (Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi) and non-encapsulating species (Trichinella pseudospiralis) was studied. Both T. spiralis and T. britovi stimulated the proliferation of splenic T and B lymphocytes during the intestinal phase of infection, but T. spiralis activated the proliferative response also at the muscle phase, particularly in B cells. Non-encapsulating T. pseudospiralis stimulated the proliferation of T and B cells only on day 10 post-infection (p.i.) and later at the muscle phase. The numbers of splenic CD4 and CD8 T cells of T. spiralis infected mice were significantly increased till day 10 p.i., i.e., at the intestinal phase, and then at the late muscle phase, on day 60 p.i. T. britovi infection increased the CD4 and CD8 T cell numbers only on day 30 p.i. Decreased numbers of CD4 and CD8 T cells after T. pseudospiralis infection suggest a suppression of cellular immunity. Both encapsulating Trichinella species induced the Th2 response (cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interleukin-10) at the intestinal phase and the Th2 dominant response at the advanced muscle phase. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production (Th1 type) started to increase with migrating newborn larvae from day 15 p.i. till the end of the experiment. IL-5 production was suppressed during the intestinal phase of T. pseudospiralis infection. The immune response to T. pseudospiralis was directed more to the Th1 response at the muscle phase, the high IFN-γ production was found on day 10 p.i. and it peaked on days 45 and 60 p.i.

Differences in cellular immune responses of mice BALB/c to low and high infective doses of Trichinella spiralis

“…after the heavy infection. A similar trend of worm persistance, a shorter lasting (20 days) for T. spiralis infection with 10 larvae and a longer lasting (30 days) for T. spiralis infection with 500 larvae was observed in our previous studies (Dvorožňáková et al, 2005(Dvorožňáková et al, , 2010(Dvorožňáková et al, , 2011. Development from the immature larva to the infective L1 is dependent on infection of skeletal muscle; larvae that penetrate cells are developmentally arrested, implying the parasite is able to recognise the host cell environment (Despomier, 1998).…”

“…IFN-γ is crucially involved in protection against newborn larvae, but does not affect the expulsion of adult worms (Helmby & Grencis, 2003). As reported in our previous studies, serum cytokines of mice infected with 500 larvae of T. spiralis showed during an early muscle phase higher levels of IFN-γ and in a late muscle phase of the infection cytokine IL-5 was again predominated (Dvorožňáková et al, 2005(Dvorožňáková et al, , 2012. Also other studies refer to the fact that T. spiralis muscle larvae death was correlated with enhanced IFN-γ and reduced IL-4 production (Kang et al, 2012).…”

“…CD4 T cells play a key role in trapping and removal of intestinal worms from the gut, they mediate mucosal changes including intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia with high mucin secretion (Ishikawa et al, 1997;Urban et al, 2000). A presence of CD4 and CD8 T cell subpopulations in lymfoid organs reflects a level of T cell activation and differentiation after the infection (Dvorožňáková et al, 2005). After T. spiralis infection with 400 larvae the occurrence of splenic CD4+ T cells was decreasing till day 15 p.i.…”

“…infection, the proliferation of splenic B cells was stimulated only at the muscle phase, from day 45 p.i., when also seroconversion for specific antibodies was recorded (Dvorožňáková et al, 2010). T-cells play a central role in immune and inflammatory responses against Trichinella infection (Wakelin & Grencis, 1992;Dvorožňáková et al, 2005Dvorožňáková et al, , 2012. Trichinella spp.…”

Heavy metal intoxication compromises the host cytokine response inAscaris Suummodel infection

“…The capture ELISA was employed to determine the concentration of in vitro cytokine production in splenocytes (Dvorožňáková et al, 2011). Splenocytes for cytokine production were aseptically resuspended to the fi nal concentrations of 10 7 cells/ml in RPMI 1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and incubated with 10 μg/ml of Concanavalin A (Con A; Sigma-Aldrich, Hamburg, Germany) at 37 °C in 5 % CO 2 and 85 % humidity.…”