Development of Cellular Magnesium Nano-Analysis in Treatment of Clinical Magnesium Deficiency

Abstract

A novel technique, using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EXAtm), for noninvasive intracellular (i.c.) measurement of magnesium [Mg2+]i has now been accomplished and proven to be a valuable tool in multiple aspects of normal as well as pathological magnesium metabolism. Since only 1% of total body Mg2+ is found in the intravascular space, serum levels of Mg2+ give little information about a patient's overall Mg2+ status with respect to this essential mineral. Using the EXAtm analysis it has shown been determined that Mg2+ levels are significantly reduced in many physiological states which may lead to serious pathological conditions [15]. Description of the methodology and examples of data as well as potential applications will focus on intracellular (i.c.) [Mg2+]i determinations obtained in cells from subjects with cardiovascular disease (CVD) syndromes related to Mg2+ deficiency. Examples of the application of EXAtm evaluation include examination of intracellular magnesium and other minerals in a wide spectrum of conditions which include cardiovascular conditions, arrhythmias, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and bypass surgery. Standardization of control values were performed at NASA.

The nerve-heart connection in the pro-oxidant response to Mg-deficiency

“…Of interest is a non-invasive method using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis for cellular Mg analysis in sublingual epithelial cells [101]. Changes in intracellular Mg concentrations measured by this method strongly correlate with changes in intracellular Mg from the myocardium [101]. Furthermore, sublingual epithelial cell Mg content has been reported to correlate with effectiveness of Mg supplementation therapy [101].…”

“…To overcome this limitation, it has been suggested that hypomagnesemia exits when serum levels of Mg are less than 0.9 mmol/L if accompanied by relevant symptoms [100]. Of interest is a non-invasive method using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis for cellular Mg analysis in sublingual epithelial cells [101]. Changes in intracellular Mg concentrations measured by this method strongly correlate with changes in intracellular Mg from the myocardium [101].…”

Redução da densidade de extrassístoles e dos sintomas relacionados após administração de magnésio por via oral

“…Silver et al 18 showed a significant correlation between the magnesium values in heart muscle biopsies from bypass surgery, with the values measured in 12,20,21 .…”

“…It is likely that intracellular levels of Mg are low, despite normal serum dosage, since serum dosage corresponds to only 0.3% of total magnesium. It would be interesting to find out minimally invasive, accurate methods to detect intracellular Mg levels 18 to better understand many diseases, including cardiac arrhythmias.…”

“…There are some studies with fluorescent markers specific to magnesium (and Mg-Fluo-4/AM KMG-20/AM) 19 , that aim at the cation dosage in various cell types, such as platelets, red blood cells, lymphocytes 12 , cardiomyocytes (in rats) 19 and epithelial sublingual cells 18 . Silver et al 18 showed a significant correlation between the magnesium values in heart muscle biopsies from bypass surgery, with the values measured in 12,20,21 .…”