Development of Circulating Antigen Assay for Rapid Detection of Acute Schistosomiasis

Hayunga, EugeneG.; Duncan, J. F.; Stek, Michael; Möllegård, Ingrid; Sumner, M. R.; Hunter, KennethW.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90232-1

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In a similar vein, it was suggested that antibody assays do not reflect the success or failure of treatment, whereas antigen assays do, since antigens should be rapidly cleared from the host after elimination of the worms. 42 In accordance with this suggestion is our observation of a relatively earlier decrease in mean antigen level than in antibody level after PZQ therapy. Furthermore, in our study the measurement of antigen level was more sensitive than quantitation of antibody levels in detecting reinfection or persistence of infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Detection of circulating antigens in patients with active Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Hassan

Medhat²,

Makhlouf³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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An antigen-capture ELISA using monoclonal antibody (MAb) 128C3/3/21 was used to detect circulating parasite-derived antigens in the sera of patients actively infected with Schistosoma haematobium (31 males and four females, 5-25 years of age). The assay had a sensitivity of 100% (35 of 35 patients with antigen levels Ͼ 80 ng/ml) and a specificity Ͼ 99%. We used this ELISA to monitor antigenemia before treatment and one, three, and six months after treatment with a single oral dose of praziquantel (PZQ) (60 mg/kg in 20 patients or 40 mg/kg in 15 patients) and compared our findings with those indicated by other measures of disease progression. Circulating antigen levels decreased drastically after PZQ treatment (P Ͻ 0.001), with a significantly higher decrease occurring after treatment with 60 mg/kg than with 40 mg/kg. Although the mean antigen level was still significantly reduced (P Ͻ 0.001) at six months after treatment, 16 patients remained antigen-positive after six months, and nine had increased levels of antigenemia, reflecting reinfection in six patients and persistence of infection in another. We observed a correlation (r ϭ 0.6, P Ͻ 0.01) between the level of circulating antigen and the intensity of infection as measured by egg count. We also found a direct relationship (P Ͻ 0.001) between antigen level and the severity of the disease as monitored by ultrasonography. We conclude that our ELISA may be a useful adjunct to other methods, such as ultrasonography, for monitoring the course of S. haematobium infection and treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Detection of circulating antigens in patients with active Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Hassan

Medhat²,

Makhlouf³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Within 3 to 4 weeks of a heavy infection, negatively charged antigens were found in the sera of mice (29) and hamsters (142). By using specific antiserum and a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent inhibition assay, a 41-kDa hydrophobic cercarial polypeptide was detected in the bloodstream of mice within 1 week of the infection (156). Because fecal egg passage does not commence until week 6 to 8 of the infection and initial dermal responses to schistosome antigens are erratic, early detection of circulating schistosomal antigens could facilitate correct early diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathology of Schistosoma mansoni infection

1989

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Schistosomiasis mansoni is a chronic helminthic disease that affects about 100 million people in the tropics. The worms have a life span of 5 to 10 years, and they live in the mesenteric veins of the host. Lightly infected individuals are asymptomatic or manifest mild intestinal symptoms. Heavily infected individuals often develop severe morbidity with hepatosplenomegaly, sometimes with a fatal outcome. Morbidity is attributed to the strong humoral and T-cell-mediated host immune responses developed to a variety of parasite antigens and expressed as tissue inflammations. The immunopathology includes dermatitis, immune complex-mediated kidney disease, and, chiefly, T-cell-mediated granuloma formation and fibrosis around disseminated parasite eggs. This review describes the mechanisms of induction and expression of immunopathology in infected persons and experimental animals. Immunoregulatory mechanisms that modulate the enhanced immune responses and may ameliorate excessive morbidity are discussed.

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“…Parasitological methods have been the choice for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, although many reports have indicated the possibility of using immunological methods for this aim (21). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been employed for detection of antigens (9,12,15) and antibodies (11,14,28) in schistosomiasis as well as in other helminthic diseases (1,10,13). Despite the reported cross-reactivity (17), specificity and sensitivity of ELISAs can be improved by using purified antigens (25) or monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody reacting with a 15-kilodalton tegumental antigen of Schistosoma mansoni for serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis

et al. 1993

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A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) for antibody detection was developed by using a monoclonal antibody which reacts with a 15-kDa tegumental antigen of the adult worm of Schistosoma mansoni. This monoclonal antibody was not able to react with antigens of Schistosoma japonicum or Schistosoma haematobium in enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) and indirect immunofluorescence tests. The assay was performed in a period of 1 h using an adult worm crude extract antigen. To evaluate the CELISA, a total of 73 serum samples was analyzed: 35 were from S. mansoni-infected patients, 23 were from individuals with parasitic infections other than schistosomiasis, and 14 were from healthy individuals. All serum samples from healthy individuals and from patients infected with other parasites were negative, as were two (6%) samples from patients infected with S. mansoni. EITB analysis showed that 32 of 33 CELISA-positive samples were positive in the EITB but with different patterns of reactivity. A 15-kDa protein reacted with 60%o of serum samples, and a 60-kDa protein showed the highest level of reactivity (85%). The two samples from patients infected with S. mansoni that were negative in the CELISA reacted with 70-, 60-, 50-, 47-, and 38-kDa proteins. One sample, positive in CELISA, did not react with proteins of the antigenic extract.

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Development of Circulating Antigen Assay for Rapid Detection of Acute Schistosomiasis

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Detection of circulating antigens in patients with active Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Detection of circulating antigens in patients with active Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Immunopathology of Schistosoma mansoni infection

Rapid competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody reacting with a 15-kilodalton tegumental antigen of Schistosoma mansoni for serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis

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