Development of Co–Nb–CeO₂ Catalyst for Hydrogen Production from Waste-Derived Synthesis Gas Using Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment

Abstract

A comparative study to obtain a cost-competitive catalyst was performed to produce hydrogen via the high temperature water gas shift (WGS) reaction using synthesis gas (syngas) derived from waste. First, several selected active metals on Nb−CeO 2 support and preparation methods were applied to prepare highly active and stable catalysts under severe reaction conditions. Various characterization methods were employed to understand the correlation between catalytic activity and physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts. Among the Me−Nb−CeO 2 (Me = Co, Cu, Fe, and Zn) catalysts, Co−Nb− CeO 2 showed the highest activity at a high gas hourly space velocity of 315,282 mL•g −1 •h −1 (temperature = 500 °C, X CO ≈ 84%). This was attributed to the high Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface area and oxygen storage capacity of the Co−Nb−CeO 2 catalyst. In addition, to investigate the effect of preparation method, various methods, including coprecipitation, incipient wetness impregnation, sol−gel, and hydrothermal methods, were applied for the synthesis of the Co−Nb−CeO 2 catalyst. The Co−Nb− CeO 2 catalyst prepared using the coprecipitation method exhibited high activity without significant deactivation for 60 h. This was attributed to the high oxygen storage capacity and intimate interaction between Co and the Nb−CeO 2 support. Finally, technoeconomic analysis and environmental impact assessment were performed for the Co−Nb−CeO 2 catalysts, prepared by different preparation methods to identify the most promising catalyst for the production of hydrogen using the syngas derived from waste. By comparison with a commercial catalyst, it was shown that Co−Nb−CeO 2 synthesized using coprecipitation is a promising, costeffective, and eco-friendly catalyst with high activity.

Restructuring Co–CoOx Interface with Titration Rate in Co/Nb-CeO2 Catalysts for Higher Water–Gas Shift Performance

“…Analytical grade Co­(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O (99%), NbCl 5 (99%), and Ce­(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O (99%) from Aldrich were used without any treatment. The catalyst was prepared by combining Co (15 wt %), Nb (1.5 wt %), and CeO 2 (84.5 wt %) based on the desired composition . More specifically, the required quantities of Co­(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and Ce­(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O were dissolved in water (350 mL), while NbCl 5 was dissolved in ethanol (150 mL).…”

“…The catalyst was prepared by combining Co (15 wt %), Nb (1.5 wt %), and CeO 2 (84.5 wt %) based on the desired composition. 31 More specifically, the required quantities of Co-(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O and Ce(NO 3 ) 3 •6H 2 O were dissolved in water (350 mL), while NbCl 5 was dissolved in ethanol (150 mL). These solutions were then mixed in a 1 L round-bottomed flask and heated to 80 °C.…”

Improving the Performance of a Co-CeO2 Catalyst for Hydrogen Production via Water Gas Shift Reaction by Addition of Transition Metal Oxides

“…The reduction of catalysts was performed at 500 °C for 1 h in a 10% H 2 /Ar atmosphere, and thereafter, the amount of chemisorbed CO was measured using a 10% CO/H 2 pulse at 50 °C. The dispersion of Co was estimated by assuming that 1 mol of CO was adsorbed onto 1 mol of Co. 43 2.3. Catalytic Reaction.…”

Influences of Ru and ZrO2 interaction on the hydroesterification of styrene

“…The interaction between the metal and support stands out as the pivotal factor influencing the performance of oxide-supported catalysts, attracting more and more attention in recent years. 3–13 Given the relatively low reducibility of ZrO 2 , the manifestation of strong metal–support interaction (SMSI), characterized by the partial encapsulation of the metal nanoparticles with a partially reduced oxide layer is seldom observed in the ZrO 2 -supported metal catalysts under commonly employed reduction conditions. However, the introduction of oxygen vacancies in ZrO 2 can lead to the charge transfer between ZrO 2 and the supported metal, giving rise to electronic metal–support interactions (EMSIs) that significantly impact the catalyst performance.…”