Development of cooling and cleaning systems for enhanced gas quality for 3.7 kW gasifier-engine integrated system

Abstract

Energy from biomass based gasifier-engine integrated systems are becoming more popular for power generation applications in rural and urban driven societies. The quality of producer gas from the down draft gasifiers plays a significant role in power generation aspects. During gasification, tar is produced and its magnitude depends on the type of gasification process and biomass feedstock used which can vary from biomass to municipal solid waste (MSW) available. The pollutants generated from gasification include particulate matter, tars, and char and acid gases. A major challenge for commercializing the gasification process is to reduce tar. In order to address these tar related problems a cleaning and cooling system has been developed in house that facilitates tar removal to acceptable levels tolerated by the internal combustion (IC) engine and meets emission standards as well. The main objective of the present work is to reduce tar level and develop control strategies for improving the performance and emission of diesel engines. Results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the dual fuel engine used was increased by 2-4% and tar was reduced from325 mg/Nm 3 in the gasifier to 60-50 mg/Nm 3 entering the engine. In addition, the emission levels such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide were reduced comparatively with developed cooling-cleaning system provided in the conventional gasifier-engine system. The biomass consumption rate was40kg/h. Air and gas flow rates were measured to be 18.8 m 3 /h and 20.12 kg/h respectively. The temperature of the gas after developed cooling and cleaning system was found to be 34 °C.

Serological prevalence and public health significance of brucellosis on a dairy farm in Namibia from 2011 to 2014

“…In Namibia, brucellosis has been reported in sheep [7]; sheep and springbok ([8–10] and other wild ruminants [11]. However, there is limited information on the prevalence of the disease in dairy cattle that are a source of raw milk to a greater part of the Namibian population.…”

Syngas application in various engines

“…The slower combustion of the gasifier and low heating speed result in tar formation [14]. This tar causes corrosion in SI engine components and equipment, leading to a mixture of soot and ashes with traces of tar and steam, causing wear on engine components [15].…”

“…This tar causes corrosion in SI engine components and equipment, leading to a mixture of soot and ashes with traces of tar and steam, causing wear on engine components [15]. This leads to high HC and CO emissions, as well as a 20-30% reduction in power when using producer gas [14], therefore, it is necessary to minimize the amount of tar produced. According to Hasler et al [16], a 90% reduction in tar in the cleaning system is necessary for satisfactory internal combustion engine operation.…”

Effect of Producer Gas from Redgram Stalk and Combustion Chamber Types on the Emission and Performance Characteristics of Diesel Engine

“…However, literature shows that very few studies are available on the use of producer gas from the agricultural residue as a secondary fuel in dual-fuel diesel engine operation. In these few studies, investigators have used a variety of gasification feedstocks like coir-pitch [24], wood chips [41], corn cobs, pigeon pea stalk [42], coconut shells, and babul wood [43] for gasification. Barriers to using PG for engine application are biomass blockage within gasifiers leading to lower gas generation and converting to tar at higher temperatures which causes stagnant gas and poor performance [44].…”