Development of cytochrome oxidase staining in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus: a possible correlate of ON- and OFF-center channel maturation

Lachica, E. A.; Condo, George J.; Casagrande, V. A.

doi:10.1016/0165-3806(87)90217-3

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…14, A-D. This pattern of retinal projections is very similar to that from one eye in adult animals enucleated at birth (Casagrande and Brunso-Bechtold, 1985;Casagrande and Condo, 1987). In both cases, the number of retinal afferent laminar bands present is appropriate for one eye.…”

Section: Combined Efects Of Ttx and Enucleationsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…14). As with tree shrews monocularly enucleated at birth and raised to adulthood, the LGNs of the combined monocularly enucleated and TTX-treated animals in this study exhibit a pattern of lamination suggesting that cells in both functionally matched sets of layers (i.e., layers 1 and 2 and layers 4 and 5) become innervated by the remaining eye, creating combined layers 1 and 2 or 4 and 5 (Casagrande and Brunso-Bechtold, 1985;Casagrande and Condo, 1987). Nonetheless, the main point is that TTX treatment does not prevent retinogeniculate axons from providing their postsynaptic targets with important factors, factors that, when absent as a consequence of monocular eye removal, clearly place the deprived LGN cells at a severe competitive disadvantage.…”

Section: Ttx Treatment and Enucleationmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…First, since the retina is very immature, it may be that the activity of ON-center ganglion cells is not dependent on the activity of the even less mature ON-bipolar cells and receptor cells. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that ON-and OFF-center cell channels in the tree shrew retina are relatively undifferentiated in CO-stained material until after the differentiation of LGN cell layers (Lachica et al, 1987). Second the dose schedules and amounts we chose may not have been correct in spite of the fact that they were appropriate for adults.…”

Section: Manipulations Of Light-evoked Activity With Apbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of altered neuronal activity on the development of layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus

Casagrande

Condo

1988

J. Neurosci.

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The main objective of this study was to examine the role of neural activity in the development of cell layers in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). We studied this relationship in postnatal tree shrews either by completely blocking retinal ganglion cell activity with TTX or by selectively blocking activity to the developing ON-center LGN layers (1 and 2) with 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB), using unilateral and bilateral eye injections. All manipulations were carried out from birth (P0), when no LGN cell layers are evident, to or past the point when layers are recognizable (i.e., 1-2 weeks). Nissl-stained and cytochrome oxidase (CO)-reacted material was examined for all cases. Our results show that in the absence of activity produced by bilateral TTX injections, interlaminar spaces between cell layers do begin to develop. Retinal afferents, which are segregated at birth, remain segregated, and differential CO staining between matched sets of LGN layers is evident. The normal pace of LGN development, however, is slowed significantly: LGN cells are smaller and interlaminar spaces are narrower than are seen in age-matched controls. Unilateral TTX injections produce similar, but more dramatic and asymmetric, effects on LGN cells, perhaps because cells are at a competitive disadvantage relative to their normally innervated counterparts in cortex. Combining unilateral eye enucleation at P0 with subsequent TTX treatment of the other eye clearly demonstrates that axons from the remaining eye are capable of producing their normal complement of LGN layers. The development of the LGN ON-center layers, 1 and 2, and the interlaminar space between them are more affected by TTX treatment than are the other layers. By contrast, APB eye injections do not selectively affect the development of the ON-center layers, but do result in some slowing of overall LGN development. Taken together, these results suggest that activity of retinal afferents is not essential for initiating interlaminar space formation, but is important for the normal pace of maturation of LGN cell layers.

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Section: Combined Efects Of Ttx and Enucleationsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Ttx Treatment and Enucleationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Manipulations Of Light-evoked Activity With Apbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of altered neuronal activity on the development of layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus

Casagrande

Condo

1988

J. Neurosci.

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“…The layer 3 complex can also be differentiated from other portions of the LGNd by the presence of an ascending projection from the SC, especially to layer 3c (Robson and Hall, 1976). Thus, some portions of the layer 3 complex may be equivalent to the koniocellular system of primates (interlaminar zones and S layers), which likewise is associated with light cytochrome oxidase staining (Lachica et al, 1987) and receipt of tectal inputs (Harting et al, 1991).…”

Section: Functional Organization and Comparisons With Primatesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pattern of retinal projections in the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi): Anterograde tracing study using cholera toxin

Major

Rodman

Libedinsky

et al. 2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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The retinofugal pathways in the California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi, were mapped after intravitreal injections of cholera toxin B-subunit. The results of the current study are consistent with work in other mammals and provide new details relevant to the organization and evolution of the visual system. All retinorecipient nuclei received bilateral input, with a contralateral predominance. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is heavily innervated, and sparse terminals were noted in other hypothalamic areas. In addition to the interstitial, medial, lateral, and dorsal terminal nuclei, a few fibers of the accessory optic tract may enter the ventral lateral geniculate and the nucleus of the optic tract, though this innervation may not derive from the same ganglion cells innervating the accessory optic nuclei. Retinal terminals are found in the intergeniculate leaflet and the "dorsal cap" of the ventral lateral geniculate. Retinal fibers pass rostrally from the dorsal cap toward the anterodorsal thalamus, confirming a projection described in the tree shrew and monkeys. Retinal termination patterns in the dorsal lateral geniculate reveal a hexilaminate organization of alternating ipsilateral and contralateral input. Variations in terminal morphology suggest that sublayers receive input from distinct ganglion cell types and that laminar comparisons can be made with primates. Finally, terminal patterns in the superior colliculus reveal a dense, highly ordered columnar organization supporting functional properties of tectal receptive fields. All the visual structures in the ground squirrel are large and well differentiated, making the sciurid visual system an accessible rodent model for comparing visual processing with that in other diurnal vertebrates.

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“…Light microscopic analysis of cytochrome oxidase activity in the vertebrate retina revealed high activity in different layers, which primarily reflects the distribution of mitochondria (Kageyama and Meyer, 1988). In the mammalian retina, differences between two sublaminae of the inner plexiform layer were described and correlated with off-and on-center neurons (Lachica et al, 1987;Kageyama and Wong-Riley, 1984). In the rat retina, even alterations of cytochrome oxidase activity were described after thalamic lesions Uen et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of light stimulation on the cytochemical localization of cytochrome C oxidase in photoreceptor cells of cichlid fish.

Körtje

Körtje²,

Rahmann³

1995

J Histochem Cytochem.

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Cytochrome oxidase activity was evaluated cytochemically in rod photoreceptor cells in the retina of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus after different stimulation protocols. The enzyme activity was assessed semiquantitatively by estimating the volume ratio of mitochondria classified according to the intensity of enzyme reactivity. Dark adaptation for 5 hr induced an increase of cytochrome oxidase activity both in vivo and in vitro, i.e., in isolated retinas. Short-term illumination (1 hr) of isolated retinas adapted previously in vivo to darkness caused a significant decrease of enzyme activity, whereas short-term darkening after in vivo light adaptation had no effect. Chemical stimulation for 15 min with increased K+ concentration (20 mM) reduced the enzyme activity, i.e., chemical depolarization did not have the same effect as depolarization induced by darkening. Significant changes in cytochrome oxidase activity were apparent within 1 hr of stimulation, so that this method for analysis of neuronal activity can be applied even in short-term experiments.

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Development of cytochrome oxidase staining in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus: a possible correlate of ON- and OFF-center channel maturation

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

The effect of altered neuronal activity on the development of layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus

The effect of altered neuronal activity on the development of layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus

Pattern of retinal projections in the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi): Anterograde tracing study using cholera toxin

Effect of light stimulation on the cytochemical localization of cytochrome C oxidase in photoreceptor cells of cichlid fish.

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