Development of drone-borne aerial calibration pulser system for radio observatories of ultra-high energy air showers

Kuo, Chung-Yun; Nam, J. W.; Shin, B. K.; Chen, Pisin; Chen, Yaocheng; Hsu, Shih-Ying; Huang, J. J.; Huang, M. A.; Leung, Chung Hei; Liu, Tsung-Che; Wang, Shih-Hao; Wang, M.-Z.; Wang, Yu-Hsin; Besson, D.; Novikov, Alexander; Hornhuber, C.; Young, R. P.

doi:10.22323/1.395.0283

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The photogrammetry was used for a fast survey of the antenna station in the field, together with the differential GPS (DGPS) module of drone-borne pulser providing accurate reference points [13]. The resulting station model has an improved accuracy in both antenna positioning and orientation, better than 1 mm and 0.1 • , respectively.…”

Section: In-situ Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system, consisting of a DGPS module with centimeter-level positioning and a pulser module configurable in the field, has been improved in 2023, as detailed in Ref. [13]. The flight plan was also improved.…”

Section: Drone-borne and Ground-based Calibration Pulsermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pisin Chen 1,2,3 , Yaocheng Chen 1,2 , Ying-Chih Chen 1,2 , Taejin Choi 4 , Young-bae Ham 4,5 , Shih-Ying Hsu 1 , Jian-Jung Huang 1,2 , Ming-Huey A. Huang 6 , Geonhwa Jee 4,5 , Jongil Jung 7 , Jieun Kim 4 , Chung-Yun Kuo 1,2 , Hyuck-Jin Kwon 4 , Changsup Lee 4,5 , Chung-Hei Leung 1,2,8 , Tsung-Che Liu 1,9,10,11,12 , Jiwoo Nam 1,2 , Yu-Shao J. Shiao 2,13 Bok-Kyun Shin 2,14 , Shih-Chieh Su, 1,2 , Min-Zu Wang 1,2 , Shih-Hao Wang 1,2,15 , Yu-Hsin Wang 1,2…”

Section: Acknowledgementsunclassified

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TAROGE-M: Antarctic High-Mountain Radio Antenna Array for Detecting Ultra-High Energy ANITA Anomalous Events

Wang¹,

Chen²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2023)

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TAROGE-M is a radio antenna array atop ∼ 2.7 km-high Mt. Melbourne in Antarctica for detecting ultra-high energy (UHE, 𝐸 > 10 17 eV) air showers in near-horizontal directions. Besides the detection of cosmic rays and Earth-skimming tau neutrinos, its primary goal is to reproduce the discovery and verify the origin of so-called ANITA anomalous events, having feature of upward-going UHE air showers but cannot be explained by tau neutrinos. The detection concept takes advantages of a high altitude for a broad view toward the horizon; strong and near-vertical geomagnetic field for enhancing the radio signal; and quiet radio environment in Antarctica. Its relatively simple design and high duty cycle make it easily to be extended and thus to achieve an exposure competitive with ANITA experiments within a few years. The first TAROGE-M station operating at 180-450 MHz frequencies deployed in 2020 detected seven UHE cosmic ray events within 25.3-day livetime. The events have a mean energy of ∼ 1 EeV and an estimated flux consistent with other experiments, and validate the station as an UHE particle detector. In 2022-2023 season, the system was upgraded for a robust long-term operation, with a more detailed calibration with a drone-borne pulser. We also discuss the planned upgrade, including the implementation of interferometric trigger, which is expected to increase the cosmic ray and tau neutrino acceptances by a factor of 10 at 0.1 EeV, corresponding to a lower energy threshold by a factor of 3.

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Section: In-situ Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drone-borne and Ground-based Calibration Pulsermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acknowledgementsunclassified

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TAROGE-M: Antarctic High-Mountain Radio Antenna Array for Detecting Ultra-High Energy ANITA Anomalous Events

Wang¹,

Chen²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2023)

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TAROGE-M: radio antenna array on antarctic high mountain for detecting near-horizontal ultra-high energy air showers

Wang

Nam

Chen

et al. 2022

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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The TAROGE-M radio observatory is a self-triggered antenna array on top of the ∼2700 m high Mt. Melbourne in Antarctica, designed to detect impulsive geomagnetic emission from extensive air showers induced by ultra-high energy (UHE) particles beyond 1017 eV, including cosmic rays, Earth-skimming tau neutrinos, and particularly, the “ANITA anomalous events” (AAE) from near and below the horizon. The six AAE discovered by the ANITA experiment have signal features similar to tau neutrinos but that hypothesis is in tension either with the interaction length predicted by Standard Model or with the flux limits set by other experiments. Their origin remains uncertain, requiring more experimental inputs for clarification. The detection concept of TAROGE-M takes advantage of a high altitude with synoptic view toward the horizon as an efficient signal collector, and the radio quietness as well as strong and near vertical geomagnetic field in Antarctica, enhancing the relative radio signal strength. This approach has a low energy threshold, high duty cycle, and is easy to extend for quickly enlarging statistics. Here we report experimental results from the first TAROGE-M station deployed in January 2020, corresponding to approximately one month of livetime. The station consists of six receiving antennas operating at 180–450 MHz, and can reconstruct source directions of impulsive events with an angular resolution of ∼0.3°, calibrated in situ with a drone-borne pulser system. To demonstrate TAROGE-M's ability to detect UHE air showers, a search for cosmic ray signals in 25.3-days of data together with the detection simulation were conducted, resulting in seven identified candidates. The detected events have a mean reconstructed energy of 0.95-0.31 +0.46 EeV and zenith angles ranging from 25° to 82°, with both distributions agreeing with the simulations, indicating an energy threshold at about 0.3 EeV. The estimated cosmic ray flux at that energy is 1.2-0.9 +0.7 × 10-16 eV-1 km-2 yr-1 sr-1, also consistent with results of other experiments. The TAROGE-M sensitivity to AAEs is approximated by the tau neutrino exposure with simulations, which suggests comparable sensitivity as ANITA's at around 1 EeV energy with a few station-years of operation. These first results verified the station design and performance in a polar and high-altitude environment, and are promising for further discovery of tau neutrinos and AAEs after an extension in the near future.

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Development of drone-borne aerial calibration pulser system for radio observatories of ultra-high energy air showers

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

TAROGE-M: Antarctic High-Mountain Radio Antenna Array for Detecting Ultra-High Energy ANITA Anomalous Events

TAROGE-M: Antarctic High-Mountain Radio Antenna Array for Detecting Ultra-High Energy ANITA Anomalous Events

TAROGE-M: radio antenna array on antarctic high mountain for detecting near-horizontal ultra-high energy air showers

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