“…Moreover, Equation ( 8) yields the fifth EOM that is needed to describe the full dynamics of the turbine, including the four generalized coordinates and Lagrange's multiplier. In general, if the constraint equation (C) is explicitly a function of time and the generalized coordinates vector (q = [q 1 , q 2 , q 3 , q 4 ] T ) such that C = C(q, t), then taking the second time derivative of the constraint equation yields [27]…”