Development of Ecofriendly Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Remogliflozin and Vildagliptin from Formulation

Attimarad, Mahesh; Venugopala, Katharigatta N.; Al‐Dhubiab, Bandar E.; Elgorashe, Rafea E. E.; Shafi, Sheeba

doi:10.3390/molecules26206160

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Hence, the development of the UV abstraction spectroscopic method for simultaneous determination of multicomponent formulations becomes difficult due to the complete overlap of spectra of the analytes (Figure 2(a)). However, resolution between the two spectra is possible by mathematical modification of overlapped spectra, such as different order derivatization, and creation of ratio spectra to quantify specifically one analyte in presence of another [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Hence, in the present work, four mathematically processed simple, eco-friendly UV absorption spectroscopic methods were established for simultaneous determination of CTL and AZE in coformulated medicine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e selectivity issue of the UV spectroscopic method can be solved by developing mathematically processed techniques such as derivative and ratio derivative spectroscopic methods, without the use of any additional hazardous chemicals [27,28]. Derivatization increases the resolution of the individual spectrum and allows the quantification of an analyte in the presence of other analytes and formulation excipients without prior separation [29][30][31][32][33][34]. To make more greener analytical method, 12 green analytical principles were adopted during the development of the derivative UV spectroscopic method for simultaneous determination of CTL and AZE in bulk and fixed-dose formulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematically Processed UV Spectroscopic Method for Quantification of Chlorthalidone and Azelnidipine in Bulk and Formulation: Evaluation of Greenness and Whiteness

Attimarad

Chohan

Narayanaswamy

et al. 2022

Journal of Spectroscopy

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A simple, eco-friendly four analytical methods were established by improving the selectivity through the application of mathematical processing of UV absorption spectra for concurrent quantification of chlorthalidone (CTL) and azelnidipine (AZE). The UV absorption spectra were recorded using environment-friendly ethanol (10% v/v) and were mathematically processed using simple software provided with a UV spectrophotometer. The analytes’ peak amplitude was determined using zero-crossing point first derivative spectra and ratio first derivative spectra of CTL and AZE, which were measured at 238.5 nm and 239.5 nm for CTL and 272.1 nm and 342.1 nm for AZE, respectively. The peak amplitude difference was determined from the ratio spectra of CTL and AZE by measuring the peak amplitudes at 211.8 and 267.2 nm for CTL and 328.4 and 286.1 nm for AZE. Further, ratio spectra of CTL and AZE were converted into zero-order spectra by subtracting the constant followed by multiplication with divisor spectra, and the peak amplitudes were measured at 226.9 nm and 257.3 nm for CTL and AZE zero-order spectra, respectively. Further, validation results of all the four methods confirmed the accuracy and precision of the methods by displaying good recovery (98.37–100.34%) and percentage relative standard deviation (0.397–1.758%), respectively. Good linearity was observed in the range of 1–15 μg/mL for both analytes with less than a 1 μg/mL limit of quantification. Further, the greenness and whiteness of the methods were evaluated by recently proposed AGREEness, complexGAPI, and white analytical chemistry techniques. The proposed UV spectroscopic methods were environmentally friendly, safe, economic, and effective, hence, could be used for regular quality control study of a formulation containing CTL and AZE.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematically Processed UV Spectroscopic Method for Quantification of Chlorthalidone and Azelnidipine in Bulk and Formulation: Evaluation of Greenness and Whiteness

Attimarad

Chohan

Narayanaswamy

et al. 2022

Journal of Spectroscopy

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“…However, the straight UV absorption technique for the simultaneous quantification of both analytes is challenging without prior separation. Such binary mixtures can be quantified by eliminating interference from one another using possible modification procedures such as derivative, ratio spectroscopic, and ratio subtraction methods [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. To increase the sensitivity of the low concentration, the BEN scaling factor was optimized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Derivative spectroscopic methods allow quantification of compounds having complete overlapping spectra by computing the peak height at the zero-crossing point. The ratio derivative spectroscopic method removes the effect of one of the components by dividing the combined spectra of analytes with the spectrum of another component [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Hence, derivative and ratio derivative spectrophotometric methods were developed in the present work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Enhanced Ecofriendly UV Spectrophotometric Methods for Quality Control of Telmisartan and Benidipine Formulations: Comparison of Whiteness and Greenness with HPLC Methods

Chohan

Attimarad

Venugopala

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The development of an environmentally friendly analytical technique for simultaneous measurement of medicines with large concentration differences is difficult yet critical for environmental protection. Hence, in this work, new manipulated UV-spectroscopic methods with high scaling factors were established for concurrent quantification of telmisartan (TEL) and benidipine (BEN) in fixed-dose combinations. Two different methods were developed and established by calculation of peak height at zero crossing point of second derivative and the ratio of first derivative spectra with a scaling factor of 200 and 100, respectively. The absorption difference between the peaks and troughs of the ratio spectra, as well as continuous subtraction from ratio spectra, were established as additional methods. In addition, new procedures were validated using ICH recommendations. The proposed methods’ linearity curves were constructed in the range of 0.5–10 µg mL−1 and 1–30 µg mL−1 for BEN and TEL, respectively, under optimized conditions. Furthermore, both the detection (0.088–0.139 µg mL−1 for BEN and 0.256–0.288 µg mL−1 for TEL) and quantification limits (0.293–0.465 µg mL−1 for BEN and 0.801–0.962 µg mL−1 for TEL) were adequate for quantifying both analytes in the formulation ratios. The accuracy and precision were confirmed by the good recovery percent (98.37%–100.6%), with low percent relative error (0.67%–1.70%) and less than 2 percent relative standard deviation, respectively. The specificity of the methods was proven by accurate and precise outcomes from the standard addition method and analysis of laboratory mixed solutions with large differences in concentrations of both analytes. Finally, the BEN and TEL content of the formulations was determined simultaneously without prior separation using these first ever reported spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, developed UV derivative spectroscopic methods demonstrated high greenness and whiteness when compared to the reported HPLC methods. These findings show that the projected methods were effective, practical, and environmentally acceptable for quality control of BEN and TEL in multicomponent formulations.

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“…Other binary combinations containing ME and RE were concomitantly assayed by ratio derivative spectroscopic [ 39 , 40 ], HPLC-DAD [ 40 ], and UPLC [ 41 ] methods. Analysis of a VD and RE combination by spectrophotometric [ 42 ], HPLC [ 43 , 44 ], and LC–MS/MS [ 45 ] methods has been reported in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Design Approach to Quantitative Expression for Quality Control of a Multicomponent Antidiabetic Formulation by the HILIC Method

et al. 2022

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A rapid and reproducible hydrophilic liquid chromatography (HILIC) process was established for concomitant determination of remogliflozin etabonate (RE), vildagliptin (VD), and metformin (MF) in a formulation. A face-centered central composite experimental design was employed to optimize and predict the chromatographic condition by statistically studying the surface response model and design space with desirability close to one. A HILIC column with a simple mobile phase of acetonitrile (65% v/v) and 20 mM phosphate buffer (35% v/v, pH 6, controlled with orthophosphoric acid) was used to separate RE, VD, and MF. RE, VD, and MF were separated in 3.6 min using an isocratic mode mobile phase flow at a flow rate of 1.4 mL at room temperature, and the analytes were examined by recording the absorption at 210 nm. The developed HILIC method was thoroughly validated for all parameters recommended by ICH, and linearity was observed in the ranges 20–150 µg/mL, 10–75 µg/mL, and 50–750 µg/mL for RE, VD, and MF, respectively, along with excellent regression coefficients (r2 > 0.999). The calculated percentage relative deviation and relative error ascertained the precision and accuracy of the method. The selectivity and accuracy were further confirmed by the high percentage recovery of added standard drugs to the formulation using the standard addition technique. The robustness of the HILIC processes was confirmed by developing a half-normal probability plot and Pareto chart, as the slight variation of a single factor had no significant influence on the assay outcomes. Utilization of the optimized HILIC procedure for concurrent quantification of RE, VD, and MF in solid dosage forms showed accurate and reproducible results. Hence, the fast HILIC method can be regularly employed for the quality assurance of pharmaceutical preparations comprising RE, VD, and MF.

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Development of Ecofriendly Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Remogliflozin and Vildagliptin from Formulation

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Mathematically Processed UV Spectroscopic Method for Quantification of Chlorthalidone and Azelnidipine in Bulk and Formulation: Evaluation of Greenness and Whiteness

Mathematically Processed UV Spectroscopic Method for Quantification of Chlorthalidone and Azelnidipine in Bulk and Formulation: Evaluation of Greenness and Whiteness

Sensitivity Enhanced Ecofriendly UV Spectrophotometric Methods for Quality Control of Telmisartan and Benidipine Formulations: Comparison of Whiteness and Greenness with HPLC Methods

An Experimental Design Approach to Quantitative Expression for Quality Control of a Multicomponent Antidiabetic Formulation by the HILIC Method

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