Development of Efficient Copper‐Based MOF‐Derived Catalysts for the Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds

Abstract

Two copper‐based Cu3(btc)2 and Cu(Im)2 metal–organic frameworks are synthesized and annealed to form nanoporous Cu/Cu2O@C and Cu@N‐C nanoparticles for utilization as catalysts in the reduction reaction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines. All synthesized MOF compounds and MOF‐derived nanoparticles are characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, SEM‐EDX, and XPS methods. Also, the pore‐size distribution and surface area of the MOF‐derived Cu/Cu2O@C and Cu@N‐C nanoparticles are characterized by the BJH and BET methods. After characterization, the catalysts Cu/Cu2O@C and Cu@N‐C are catalytically tested for the reduction reactions of various aromatic nitro compounds chemically by monitoring with a UV/Vis spectrometer. Both catalysts exhibit remarkable results compared with those in the literature. Also, the Cu/Cu2O@C catalyst shows better results than the Cu@N‐C catalyst.

Integration of Interfacial and Alloy Effects to Modulate Catalytic Performance of Metal–Organic-Framework-Derived Cu–Pd Nanocrystals toward Hydrogenolysis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

“… , The crystalline phases of the as-synthesized HKUST-1 and Pd–HKUST-1 were nicely matched with the simulated XRD data (Figure S3) as obtained using Rietveld refinement (conducted by Materials studio, Accelrys Software, Inc.), demonstrating that the as-synthesized materials comprise the crystal structure of HKUST-1. After carbonization of Pd–HKUST-1, a MOF structural change was also reflected in the XRD pattern of Cu–Pd@C where the distinguished diffraction peaks appeared at 2θ = 38.8, 40.5, 47.1 49.1, 61.5, 68.5, and 75.3°, respectively, which could be readily indexed to the Cu 2 O (111), Pd (111), Pd (220), Cu 2 O (220), Pd (220), and Cu (220) crystalline planes, is in good agreement with the previous report . The PXRD pattern of Cu–Pd@C- A (Figure a) exhibited characteristic diffractions peaks at 2θ = 40.2, 43.4, 46.8, 50.4, 68.4, and 74.1° which could be indexed to Pd (111), Cu (111), Pd (200), Cu (200), Pd (220), and Cu (220) reflections, corresponding to the face-centered cubic ( fcc ) lattice arrangement of Pd 0 and Cu 0 nanoparticles (Powder Diffraction File (PDF) nos.…”

MOF-Derived Cu@N-C Catalyst for 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction

“…The powder XRD pattern ( Figure S1 ) and FE-SEM image ( Figure 2 a) of the Cu(im) 2 demonstrate that the crystal structure and morphology are all in suitable agreement with the literature [ 45 , 46 , 47 ], confirming a successful synthesis of Cu(im) 2 . Considering that Cu(im) 2 begins to decompose when the temperature increases to ca.…”

“…Considering that Cu(im) 2 begins to decompose when the temperature increases to ca. 300 °C, the applied calcination temperature are varied from 400 to 800 °C under argon flow [ 47 ].…”

Bimetallic Fe–Cu metal organic frameworks for room temperature catalysis

“…The obtained amines are precious intermediates for the preparation of several combinations containing, antioxidants, pharmaceuticals, drugs, agrochemicals, dyes, pesticides, and polymers. [ 25,26 ]…”

“…The obtained amines are precious intermediates for the preparation of several combinations containing, antioxidants, pharmaceuticals, drugs, agrochemicals, dyes, pesticides, and polymers. [25,26] Another type of contaminant commonly found in groundwater are dyes which cause allergic processes, cancer, and skin irradiation in human. [27,28] Toxic and highly colored sewerages from the dyes industry, poses a serious danger to both human and environmental health.…”