Development of Electrically Controlled Energetic Materials (ECEM)

Chung, Kimberly; Rozumov, Eugene; Kaminsky, Dana; Anderson, Paul E.; Cook, Paula; Sawka, Wayne; McPherson, M.; Buescher, Trisha

doi:10.1149/05040.0059ecst

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…The conductive path in the propellant can be rose by adding C, so the current density increases and is more evenly distributed in the propellant (Figure S2). At the same voltage, the electrochemical decomposition rate of the ion components (HAN) in the ECSPs containing C is faster than that of the ECSP without C [7, 34], producing more effective substances (nitric acid) that stimulate combustion. Therefore, the addition of conductive material to the ECSP at the atmospheric pressure can effectively improve its combustion performance, as illustrated in Figure 6 (b‐1∼b‐3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the demand for controllable solid propulsion technology has led to the emergence of electrically controlled solid propellant (ECSP). This propellant is expected to ignite and extinguish upon the application and removal of the electrical voltage applying across electrodes imbedded in the propellant [6–8]. Further, the burning rate of the ECSP can be throttled by altering the electrical voltage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Influences of Conductive Graphite on Hydroxylammonium Nitrate (HAN)‐Based Electrically Controlled Solid Propellant

Bao

Wang

Zheng³

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The electrically controlled solid propellant (ECSP) has many advantages that are not available with traditional propellants, such as multiple start/stop operations and controllable thrust. In this research, conductive graphite (C) was employed as an additive to hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)‐based ECSPs to enhance electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, and the influences of C on the burning characteristics of ECSPs were investigated by some characterization methods. The addition of 5 % C increases the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity by 13.2 % and 18.9 %, while reduces the theoretical specific impulse (Isp) and adiabatic flame temperature (Tf) by 7.9 % and 18.4 %. C acting as electric and heat energy transfer media was demonstrated by TG‐DSC. ECSPs containing 1 %, 3 %, and 5 % C reinforce the burning rate by 11.4 %, 25.6 %, 35.9 % and mass loss by 6.9 %, 22.3 %, 47.8 % at 200 V; and enhance the burning rate by 39.2 %, 62.4 %, 104.9 %, and mass loss by 46.7 %, 84.7 %, 200.1 % at 0.6 MPa. This can be explained by the fact that the increase in electrical conductivity promotes the electrochemical decomposition rate of the ionic oxidizer in ECSPs at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) and the rise in thermal conductivity promotes the heat transfer to the unburned zone of the propellant under high pressure (0.2 MPa∼0.6 MPa).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Influences of Conductive Graphite on Hydroxylammonium Nitrate (HAN)‐Based Electrically Controlled Solid Propellant

Bao

Wang

Zheng³

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…The response of energetic materials (EMs) to an accidental stimulus such as impact, shock, friction, and heat that can trigger an unintended and undesired detonation is a continuing concern to the safe usage of EMs in both the civilian and military fields. The electric field is one of the important external stimuli, which can be employed as an electrically controlled approach for ignition of EMs . It has been indicated that the introduction of an external electric field (EEF) into an energetic material can change its sensitivity, decomposition mechanism, and energy release .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electric field is one of the important external stimuli, which can be employed as an electrically controlled approach for ignition of EMs. 1 It has been indicated that the introduction of an external electric field (EEF) into an energetic material can change its sensitivity, decomposition mechanism, and energy release. 2 Therefore, understanding the effect of an EEF upon the EMs is crucial for their safety in preparation, processing, transportation, storage, and application.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Rearrangement of Energetic Materials under an External Electric Field: A Case Study of Nitromethane

Liu¹,

Ma²,

Yu³

et al. 2018

J. Phys. Chem. A

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As a significant stimulus, the external electric field (EEF) can change the decomposition mechanism and energy release of energetic materials (EMs). Hence, understanding the response of EMs to an EEF is greatly meaningful for their safe usage. Herein, the structural arrangement, a crucial factor in the impact sensitivity and detonation performance of EMs, under the EEF ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 V/Å was investigated via molecular dynamics simulation. Nitromethane (NM) was taken as a case study due to the simple structure. The simulation results show that there exists a critical EEF strength between 0.2 and 0.3 V/Å, which can induce the transition of NM molecules from relatively disordered distribution to solidlike ordered and compacted arrangement with a large density. In this ordered structure, NM dipoles are aligned in a head-to-tail pattern parallel to the EEF direction because of the favored dipole-dipole interactions and weak C-H···O hydrogen bonds. As the EEF strength is enhanced, the potential energy and cohesive energy density of the NM system gradually decrease and increase, respectively, indicative of high thermodynamics stability of ordered arrangement. The results reported here also shed light on the potential of the EEF to induce the nucleation and crystallization to explore new polymorphs of EMs.

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