Development of Environmentally Clean Construction Materials Using Industrial Waste

Abstract

The accumulated waste generated from industries severely affects environmental conditions. Using waste as a construction material or soil stabilization is an emerging area in the construction industry. Introducing new additive materials to strengthen local soils using industrial waste is an inexpensive and more effective method to improve the soil. In light of this, this study aims to develop environmentally clean construction materials for stabilizing natural loam (NL) using red mud (RM), blast furnace slag (BFS), and lime production waste (LPW). Nine different mixtures were prepared with four different combinations of RM (20, 30, and 40%), BFS (25, 30 and 35%), LPW (4, 6 and 8%), and various content of NL. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and axial compressive strength were examined. The results indicated that the optimum strength was obtained from the sample containing 40% of RM, 35% of BFS, and 8% of LPW. The observed compressive strength of the sample for 90 days was 7.38 MPa, water resistance was 7.12 MPa, and frost resistance was 7.35 MP, with low linear expansion meeting the demands for first class construction materials of the Kazakh norms. The mineral composition analysis evidenced the lack of heavy metals contaminants and hazardous compounds. Based on strength and environmental performance, RM, BFS, LPW, and NL mix can be used as a road base material. This process is believed to reduce environmental pollution related to RM and BFS, and lower the road base cost.

Recycling of Industrial Waste as Soil Binding Additives—Effects on Soil Mechanical and Hydraulic Properties during Its Stabilisation before Road Construction

“…The control values were as follows: 1:35.6%, 2:6.0%, and 3:9.9%. 1 Relative change after 7 days (%), 2 Relative change after 28 days (%).…”

“…In the following article, we will focus on chemical stabilization using waste materials. The use of waste as a building material for soil stabilization is a new area in the construction industry [2].…”

“…Bauxite is a typical alkaline waste used in the stabilization process [28][29][30]. Alzhanova et al showed that the alkaline properties of bauxite residues decrease with time after use: cation convertibility and sodium exchange capacity decrease [2]. In addition to stabilizing the soil, bauxite also has properties that stabilize heavy metal and fluorine pollution [31].…”

Structural Characteristics and Cementitious Behavior of Magnesium Slag in Comparison with Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

“…Whilst the desulfurization performance of the original magnesium slag is poor, a calcium conversion rate of up to 73.7% can be reached after mixing with additives or modification [34]. Magnesium slag, like other solid wastes, can also be used for mine filling [5,35,36] or road base material [37][38][39][40][41][42]. Numerous studies have conducted extensive research into other industrial solid wastes, such as granulated blast furnace slag [43][44][45], steel slag [46], red mud [47] and so on [48][49][50], which provide guidance for the utilization of the corresponding tailings and slag.…”

Experimental and machine learning approaches to investigate the effect of waste glass powder on the flexural strength of cement mortar

“…Several processes, including manufacturing, electricity generation, mining, agricultural production, iron and steel metallurgy, and the creation of electronic devices, generate large amounts of waste [1,2]. Several hazardous waste materials are combustible, corrosive, infectious, incendiary, and chemically volatile, and their disposal in landfills has resulted in substantial financial losses [2][3][4]. Therefore, it is desirable to recycle or reuse waste materials in building materials.…”