Development of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-Encapsulated Nanohydroxyapatite/Mesoporous Silica for Therapeutic Management of Dentin Surface

Abstract

In dental clinic, unsatisfactory management of the dentin surface after dentin exposure often leads to the occurrence of dentin hypersensitivity and caries. Current approaches can occlude the tubules on the dentin surface to relieve dentin hypersensitivity; however, the blocked tubules are generally weak in combating daily tooth erosion and abrasion. Moreover, cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, produce biofilm on the dentin surface, causing caries and compromising the tubules' sealing efficacy. To overcome this problem, the present study focused on establishing a versatile biomaterial, epigallocatechin-3-gallate-encapsulated nanohydroxyapatite/mesoporous silica nanoparticle (EGCG@nHAp@MSN), for therapeutic management of the dentin surface. The effectiveness of the biomaterial on dentinal tubule occlusion, including resistances against acid and abrasion, was evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and dentin permeability measurement. The inhibitory capability of the biomaterial on S. mutans biofilm formation was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony forming units (CFU) counts, and FESEM. Results demonstrated for the first time that the use of EGCG@nHAp@MSN on the dentin surface was capable of effectively occluding dentinal tubules, reducing dentin permeability, and achieving favorable acid- and abrasion-resistant stability. Furthermore, EGCG@nHAp@MSN held the capability to continuously release EGCG, Ca, and P, and significantly inhibit the formation and growth of S. mutans biofilm on the dentin surface. Thus, the development of EGCG@nHAp@MSN bridges the gap between multifunctional concept and dental clinical practice and is promising in providing dentists a therapeutic strategy for the management of the dentin surface to counter dentin hypersensitivity and caries.

Amyloid‐Like Rapid Surface Modification for Antifouling and In‐Depth Remineralization of Dentine Tubules to Treat Dental Hypersensitivity

“…The HAp growth in the present study may follow a top-down mode, since we did not observe the amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoprecursors-templated apatite nucleation and growth that is an important feature for a bottom-up mode. The pure PTL nanofilm had already been proven to have good biocompatibility, [43] and the in vitro cytotoxicity of the lyso-PEG film was further investigated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). [34] These reported results thus suggested that the amyloid-like lysozyme nanofilm could work as robust glue to hold a huge potential application on creating functional organic-inorganic hybrid biomaterials with excellent interfacial bonding stability.…”

“…[41] Encouraged by the above results, we further designed in vivo animal experiments to ascertain the clinical performance of the lyso-PEG oligomers on occluding DTs in a real oral environment. The pure PTL nanofilm had already been proven to have good biocompatibility, [43] and the in vitro cytotoxicity of the lyso-PEG film was further investigated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The cell viability assay of L929 fibroblasts cells indicated negligible cytotoxicity from the lyso-PEG film (even better than that of the control group) ( Figure S25, Supporting Information).…”

Improved reactive nanoparticles to treat dentin hypersensitivity

“…Calcium, potassium, and ferric oxalate have also been used to treat DH, but oxalate precipitates were removed or dissolved by saliva [27]. Nano-hydroxyapatite, which has been recently recommended for tubular occlusion, forms soluble compounds that impair its long term efficacy [34].…”

Mesoporous Silica‐Based Materials with Bactericidal Properties

“…Huang and co‐workers prepared hydroxyapatite‐MS materials loaded with epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate for the therapeutic elimination of Streptococcus mutants biofilms . UV–visible measurements indicated that epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate was released from the material in a sustainable fashion over 96 h. Besides, MTT viability assays carried out with the nanocomposite showed nontoxicity for human dental pulp stem cells.…”