Development of Erect Leaves in a Modern Maize Hybrid is Associated with Reduced Responsiveness to Auxin and Light of Young Seedlings in vitro

Fellner, Martin; Ford, E. David; Volkenburgh, Elizabeth Van

doi:10.4161/psb.1.4.3106

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Some hybrids yield more as plant density is increased while others exhibit no increase or even yield loss (Duvick and Cassman, 1999;Grassini et al, 2011;Hashemi et al, 2005;Monneveux et al, 2005). Plant density tolerance likely involves multiple factors from categories of traits involving photosynthetic capacity, source-sink relationship, hormonal balance, and plant architecture (e.g., Huang et al, 2009;Collins et al, 2008;Johnson, 2008;Ramon and Rolland, 2007;Fellner et al, 2006;Sawers et al, 2005;Fellner et al, 2003;Smith and Whitelam, 1997;Lambert and Johnson, 1978). We assumed that a combination of traits, likely from diverse categories, may be necessary for expression of PDT.…”

Section: Survey Of Plant Density Tolerance In Us Maize Germplasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Plant Density Tolerance in U.S. Maize Germplasm

2014

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A broad range of U.S. maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm was evaluated for plant density tolerance (PDT) to identify potential sources of favorable alleles and to obtain a better understanding the underlying genetics involved. Thirty‐two hybrids created using a set of inbreds representing parentage of key heterotic subgroups were evaluated at plant densities ranging from 47,000 (19,000 plants per acre [ppA]) to 133,000 plants ha−1 (54,000 ppA). Forty‐eight phenotypic traits from five categories (photosynthetic capability, plant architecture, growth responses, source–sink relationship, and general stress tolerance) as well as grain yield were evaluated in three environments that differed for levels of soil moisture availability. The relationship between plant density and grain yield was assessed for each hybrid, with a wide range of responses observed. Five hybrids showed substantial tolerance to plant densities ≥116,000 plants ha−1 based on grain yield performance. Phenotypic trait correlations revealed a subset of traits associated with grain yield across plant densities, with all five categories of traits implicated directly; the subset included leaf angle, upper stem diameter, leaf area required to produce a gram of grain, kernel rows per ear, days to canopy closure, barrenness, kernels per plant, kernel length, leaf number, upper leaf area, staygreen, zipper effect, kernels per row, and anthesis–silking interval. Analysis of gene action for grain yield across plant densities emphasized the prominence of additivity, the increasing importance of nonadditivity as plant density and environmental stress levels increased, and genotype by environment interaction. This work paves the way for further characterization of PDT through quantitative trait locus mapping and candidate gene approaches.

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Section: Survey Of Plant Density Tolerance In Us Maize Germplasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Plant Density Tolerance in U.S. Maize Germplasm

2014

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“…In intact seedlings and on a longer time scale, exogenous auxin (native or synthetic) often reduces the elongation of various plant organs (Boerjan et al 1995;King et al 1995;Thomine et al 1997;Fellner et al 2003Fellner et al , 2006. In Arabidopsis, we similarly observed that as in the case of boron, auxin-induced inhibition of hypocotyl growth is affected by blue light BL (Fellner, unpublished results).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Boron and blue light reduce responsiveness of Arabidopsis hypocotyls to exogenous auxins

2012

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We reported earlier that boron stimulates hypocotyl growth in several Arabidopsis ecotypes but not in the boron-deficient mutant bor1-1. Others have shown that boron influences the metabolism and transport of the plant hormone auxin. We investigated how boron, in interaction with light, influences Arabidopsis hypocotyl growth responses to the exogenous auxins 1-NAA, 2,4-D and IAA. In either light condition, 1-NAA similarly inhibited hypocotyl growth in bor1-1 and the corresponding WT (Col-0), while in both genotypes, boron did not essentially affect the extent of the inhibition. Whatever the light conditions and in the absence of boron, 2,4-D inhibited hypocotyl elongation in WT, while in BL seedlings, high responsiveness to 2,4-D vanished when boron was added to the culture medium. Hypocotyl of bor1-1 seedlings in all boron concentrations tested and grown in the dark or RL responded to the auxin similar to WT plants. In BL, the mutant hypocotyls retained full sensitivity to 2,4-D at 0.1 mM H 3 BO 3 but lost that sensitivity by 2 mM. In both genotypes tested, in the dark or RL, IAA inhibited hypocotyl growth. Conversely, IAA stimulated hypocotyl elongation in both genotypes developed in BL at 0.1 mM H 3 BO 3 . That stimulation disappeared when the boron supply increased to 2 mM. Our results suggest that specifically in BL, boron reduces hypocotyl responsiveness to auxins 2,4-D or IAA via the functional transporter BOR1. Our results lead to a discussion of how BL and BOR1 influence the mechanisms of auxin transport into and out of the cell.

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“…We previously reported that in comparison with old maize hybrid 307, expression of ABP4 in etiolated mesocotyls is strongly reduced in the modern hybrid 3394 (Fellner et al 2006). Moreover, in the old hybrid 307, but not in the modern hybrid 3394, the sensitivity of mesocotyl to exogenous auxin increased with the elevation of the calcium concentration in the growth medium ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 4 is involved in the Ca²⁺/auxin-regulated expression ofZCAX3gene in maize (Zea mays)

Jurišić-KneževDejana

Bergougnoux

Milde

et al. 2014

Botany

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As a second messenger, calcium is involved in auxin signaling, and previous studies demonstrated that Arabidopsis CAX1 (Ca 2+ /H + exchanger) is involved in the auxin transduction pathway. This study was performed to investigate the possible role of auxin-binding proteins ABP1 and ABP4 in Ca 2+ /auxin-regulated growth in maize (Zea mays L.). We identified and cloned two AtCAX1 homologs in maize, ZCAX2 and ZCAX3. Using maize loss-of-function abp1 and abp4 mutants, the role of ABPs in Ca 2+ -dependent growth and in the Ca 2+ /auxin-regulated expression of the CAX genes was investigated in etiolated maize seedlings. Exogenous Ca 2+ enhanced mesocotyl but not coleoptile growth in WT, abp1, abp4, and abp1/abp4 mutants, but the maximum stimulation was in abp4. As well, in the abp4 mutant, maximum accumulation of Ca 2+ was observed when seedlings were exposed to exogenous Ca 2+ . In the mesocotyl of abp4 and double mutants, the expression of ZCAX3 was significantly reduced in the absence of exogenous Ca 2+ , whereas exogenous Ca 2+ significantly up-regulated its expression in both mutants. This effect of Ca 2+ was not observed in the coleoptile. In the absence of NAA, knockout of ABP4 led to significant drop of ZCAX3 expression in the mesocotyl, and exogenous auxin significantly inhibited expression of the ZCAX3 in WT, but not in abp mutants. This effect of auxin was not observed in the coleoptile. Our results indicate that in the absence of NAA, functional ABP4 is required for ZCAX3 expression and that ABP4 mediates the inhibitory effect of NAA on ZCAX3 expression. We provided evidence for a cross talk between ABP4, exogenous auxin, Ca 2+ , and ZCAX3 during growth of etiolated maize mesocotyl.Résumé : En tant que messager secondaire, le calcium joue un rôle dans la voie de signalisation de l'auxine. Des études ont démontré que CAX1 (échangeur Ca 2+ /H + ) d'Arabidopsis est impliqué dans cette voie de signalisation. Cette étude a été menée de façon à déterminer le rôle des protéines liant l'auxine, ABP1 et ABP4, dans la croissance du maïs (Zea mays L.) régulée par Ca 2+ /auxine. Nous avons identifié et cloné chez le maïs deux homologues de AtCAX1, ZCAX2 et ZCAX3. En utilisant les mutants de maïs perte-de-fonction abp1 et abp4, nous avons étudié le rôle des ABPs d'une part dans la croissance dépendante du Ca 2+ et d'autre part dans l'expression des gènes CAX régulée à la fois par le Ca 2+ et l'auxine. Le Ca 2+ exogène stimule la croissance du mésocotyle mais pas du coléoptile chez le WT, les mutants abp1, abp4 et abp1/abp4, même si l'effet optimum est observé pour le mutant abp4. De la même façon, chez le mutant abp4, l'accumulation maximale de Ca 2+ est observée lorsque les plantules sont exposées au Ca 2+ exogène. Dans le mésocotyle de abp4 et du double mutant, l'expression de ZCAX3 est significativement réduite en l'absence de Ca 2+ exogène ; à l'opposé, l'application de Ca 2+ induit significativement l'expression de ZCAX3 chez ces deux mutants. Cet effet du Ca 2+ n'est pas observé dans le coléoptile. En l'absence de ...

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Development of Erect Leaves in a Modern Maize Hybrid is Associated with Reduced Responsiveness to Auxin and Light of Young Seedlings in vitro

Cited by 20 publications

References 76 publications

Survey of Plant Density Tolerance in U.S. Maize Germplasm

Survey of Plant Density Tolerance in U.S. Maize Germplasm

Boron and blue light reduce responsiveness of Arabidopsis hypocotyls to exogenous auxins

AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 4 is involved in the Ca²⁺/auxin-regulated expression ofZCAX3gene in maize (Zea mays)

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Development of Erect Leaves in a Modern Maize Hybrid is Associated with Reduced Responsiveness to Auxin and Light of Young Seedlings in vitro

Cited by 20 publications

References 76 publications

Survey of Plant Density Tolerance in U.S. Maize Germplasm

Survey of Plant Density Tolerance in U.S. Maize Germplasm

Boron and blue light reduce responsiveness of Arabidopsis hypocotyls to exogenous auxins

AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 4 is involved in the Ca2+/auxin-regulated expression ofZCAX3gene in maize (Zea mays)

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AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 4 is involved in the Ca²⁺/auxin-regulated expression ofZCAX3gene in maize (Zea mays)