Development of EVOH-kaolinite nanocomposites

Cabedo, Luis; Giménez, Enrique; Lagarón, José M.; Gavara, Rafael; Saura, J. J.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.05.018

Cited by 141 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Poly(propylene) (PP) filled with nanoclay displayed an improved barrier performance and the morphology was also affected (Zehetmeyer et al 2012). The same behaviour has been reported for PVOH mixed with nanoclay (Strawhecker, Manias 2000, Yu et al 2003, Johansson, Clegg 2015 and EVOH (Cabedo et al 2004).…”

supporting

confidence: 61%

Influence of kaolin addition on the dynamics of oxygen mass transport in polyvinyl alcohol dispersion coatings

Nyflött

Carlsson

Järnström

et al. 2015

Nordic Pulp &Amp; Paper Research Journal

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SUMMARY:The permeability of dispersion barriers produced from polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and kaolin clay blends coated onto polymeric supports has been studied by employing two different measurement methods: the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and the ambient oxygen ingress rate (AOIR). Coatings with different thicknesses and kaolin contents were studied. Structural information of the dispersion-barrier coatings was obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results showed that the kaolin content influences both the orientation of the kaolin and the degree of crystallinity of the PVOH coating. Increased kaolin content increased the alignment of the kaolin platelets to the basal plane of the coating. Higher kaolin content was accompanied by higher degree of crystallinity of the PVOH. The barrier thickness proved to be less important in the early stages of the mass transport process, whereas it had a significant influence on the steady-state permeability. The results from this study demonstrate the need for better understanding of how permeability is influenced by (chemical and physical) structure.

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supporting

confidence: 61%

Influence of kaolin addition on the dynamics of oxygen mass transport in polyvinyl alcohol dispersion coatings

Nyflött

Carlsson

Järnström

et al. 2015

Nordic Pulp &Amp; Paper Research Journal

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“…These results suggest that most of the kaolinite retains its natural state and chances of any intercalation can only be observed in low weight percentage filler systems. A number of studies, [17][18][19][20] had also reported the absence of an exfoliated or intercalated structure for kaolinite based composites and the main reason is always attributed to the internal structure of kaolinite. Figure 1b shows the WAXD patterns of HDPE, Na-MMT, bentone and their composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt flow behavior of high density polyethylene nanocomposites with 1D, 2D and 3D nanofillers

2015

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The melt flow behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and its nanocomposites with different kinds of nanofillers (kaolin, bentone, sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) clay, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide (GO) and carbon black) is assessed. The dimensional effect (1D, 2D and 3D) of nanofillers on the melt flow singularity of HDPE is investigated. Results revealed that 2D nanofillers in the polymer matrix have significant improvements on the extrusion window of HDPE. The 2D nanofillers: exfoliated Na-MMT clay and GO showed the most enhanced melt flow behavior and processing window for HDPE up to 6.58C, the best result reported so far. In comparison to the 2D nanofillers, 1D and 3D nanofillers, and micro-size clays also can broaden the processing window.The addition of nanofillers resulted in an expansion for the extrusion window of polyethylene. 2D nanofillers (exfoliated clay and graphene oxide) showed the most enhanced window up to 6.58C, the best result reported so far.

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“…EVOH is one of the polymers with the smallest oxygen permeation, but many attempts are made to improve barrier properties even further [38,47,50,55]. Most of these approaches failed to result in sufficient improvement in this property.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development led to the production of packaging films with 9 or 10 layers combining EVOH, polyamide (PA) and polyolefins [38]; microfilms with 30-1000 layers of 0.02-5 µm thickness also appeared on the market recently [39]. Another approach to decrease the oxygen permeability and water sensitivity of EVOH is modification by blending [29,35,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] or by the production of layered silicate nanocomposites [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. EVOH is combined with polyamides the most frequently, but blending results in decreased crystallinity and the desired improvement in permeability is seldom achieved.…”

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confidence: 99%

Decreased oxygen permeability of EVOH through molecular interactions

Péter¹,

Kenyó²,

Renner³

et al. 2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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The number of functional and smart packaging materials increases continuously and they are used already in everyday practice in increasing quantities [1][2][3][4]. The main functions targeted for various products are small oxygen permeability or oxygen scavenging [5][6][7], humidity control [8][9][10][11][12], regulated ethylene content [13], antimicrobial effect [14][15][16][17], adsorption of odorous materials, or the opposite, the release of desirable aromas [18,19]. Intensive research and development work is carried out on these materials all over the world, but mostly in industry.Controlling oxygen permeability is especially important in the pharmaceutical industry and in food packaging. The oxygen permeability of polymers varies in a wide range covering several orders of magnitudes from a few hundred to a few hundredths or even thousands of cm 3· mm/m 2 /24 h/bar [20]. Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH) offer extremely good protection against oxygen [20][21][22][23][24][25]. The barrier properties of these materials depend on ethylene content [23,26,27], crystallinity, temperature [22,28] and humidity [24,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. The last factor represents also the major drawback of EVOH, since permeability may increase by orders of magnitudes with increasing water content [28] Abstract. Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) of 48 mol% ethylene content was modified with N,N!-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-isophthalamide (Nylostab SEED) to decrease the oxygen permeability of the polymer. The additive was added in a wide concentration range from 0 to 10 wt%. The structure and properties of the polymer were characterized with various methods including differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, mechanical testing, optical measurements and oxygen permeation. Interactions were estimated by molecular modeling and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that oxygen permeation decreased considerably when the additive was added at less than 2.0 wt% concentration. The decrease resulted from the interaction of the hydroxyl groups of the polymer and the amide groups of the additive. The dissolution of the additive in the polymer led to decreased crystallinity, but also to decreased mobility of amorphous molecules. Stiffness and strength, but also deformability increased as a result. Above 2 wt% the additive forms a separate phase leading to the deterioration of properties. The success of the approach represents a novel way to control oxygen permeation in EVOH and in other polymers with similar functional groups capable of strong interactions.

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Development of EVOH-kaolinite nanocomposites

Cited by 141 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of kaolin addition on the dynamics of oxygen mass transport in polyvinyl alcohol dispersion coatings

Influence of kaolin addition on the dynamics of oxygen mass transport in polyvinyl alcohol dispersion coatings

Melt flow behavior of high density polyethylene nanocomposites with 1D, 2D and 3D nanofillers

Decreased oxygen permeability of EVOH through molecular interactions

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