Development of extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroelectrochemistry and its application to structural studies of transition-metal ions in aqueous solution

The role for zinc in Replication Protein A

“…Similar emission spectra could be recorded using protein in solution and controlling for metal in the buffer. Second, the sensitivity of the method may be increased by using a more accurate quantitative measurement like EXAFS (32,33).…”

Experimental aspects of biological X-ray absorption spectroscopy

“…These cells are equipped with three electrodes allowing stabilization of the solution potential at an appropriate value or to vary it by a constant rate in order to perform cyclic voltammetry experiments. The metal oxidation state of reactive redox proteins will be either stabilized during the irradiation or will change progressively depending on the potential (Dewald et al, 1986;Ascone et al, 1999;Cognigni et al, 2001).…”

XAS spectroelectrochemistry: reliable measurement of X-ray absorption spectra from redox manipulated solutions at room temperature

“…Several approaches have been reported that allow in situ XAS measurements from samples in controlled redox states and these use methodologies that range from bulk electrosynthesis cells (typically of volume 1-10 ml) with largesurface-area electrodes (Dewald et al, 1986;Bae et al, 2001;Levina et al, 2004;Hennig et al, 2005;Milsmann et al, 2006;Takao et al, 2010) to channel-flow cells (Wiltshire et al, 2009) and cells optimized for the study of electrode transformations (McBreen et al, 1987;Nakanishi et al, 2014). While bulk electrosynthesis cells have been used to obtain XAS spectra, the long electrosynthesis period (typically > 10 min) makes them impracticable for the study of short-lived reactive species, or for samples, such as metalloproteins, that are only available in small quantities.…”