Development of Extra-embryonic Membranes and Fluid Compartments

Baggott, Glenn K.

doi:10.3184/175815509x430381

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Before pipping, the intact amnion was stretched tightly around the embryo and the pipping released an elastic force, which pulled it down, inverting it around the body of the embryo. Because of the amnion's connection to the inner allantoic membrane (Weekes 1927;Baggott 2001;Fig. 2), its retraction pulled and detached the CAM from the surface of the eggshell.…”

Section: Chronology Of Hatching (V Rosenbergii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early in development, the chorion grows out to form the outer most extraembryonic membrane, opposed to the eggshell, while the allantois forms an enclosed sac that acts as a repository for kidney excretions (Stewart and Florian 2000;Baggott 2001). The outer allantoic surface fuses with the chorion to form the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM; Baggott 2001). The vascularized CAM serves as the embryonic gas exchange organ (Wangensteen and Rahn 1971;Menna and Mortola 2002;Thompson and Speake 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vascularized CAM serves as the embryonic gas exchange organ (Wangensteen and Rahn 1971;Menna and Mortola 2002;Thompson and Speake 2006). The inner surface of the allantois develops connections with the amnion, a bilayer membrane that forms a sac around the embryo, providing protection and ensuring its continuous bathing in amniotic fluid (Weekes 1927;Baggott 2001). The inner layer of the amnion is composed of ectoderm while the outer layer is mesoderm and contains spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hatching and residual yolk internalization in lizards: evolution, function and fate of the amnion

Pezaro

Doody

Green

et al. 2013

Evolution and Development

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Most egg-laying vertebrates hatch without depleting the entire yolk reserve. The residual yolk is internalized before emergence from the egg is completed and the yolk is subsequently metabolized during early neonatal life. Here we provide the first description of the mechanism of yolk internalization in non-avian reptiles. We describe the hatching of two lizard species (Physignathus lesueurii and Varanus rosenbergii) and provide a step-by-step account of sequence of events leading to yolk internalization and emergence from the egg. We also conducted incubation experiments to determine the cause of failed yolk internalization. Contraction of the ruptured amnion is the mechanism by which the residual yolk is internalized, which provides an explanation for the functional significance of amniotic contractions. Failures of internalization occur when the amount of residual yolk exceeds that which can be enclosed by the ruptured amnion. We conclude that, because of the connections formed between the amnion and both the allantois and chorion, the pipping and retraction of the amnion pulls the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) off the surface of the eggshell, which impairs the capacity for gas exchange and forces the embryo to breach the eggshell to commence breathing. We further speculate that the loss of amniotic contractions in mammals may indicate an incompatibility of amnion-assisted yolk internalization with viviparity, an evolutionary process that could be tested by examining viviparous squamates.

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Section: Chronology Of Hatching (V Rosenbergii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hatching and residual yolk internalization in lizards: evolution, function and fate of the amnion

Pezaro

Doody

Green

et al. 2013

Evolution and Development

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“…It is known that sero-amniotic connection formed around day 12 of incubation allows the movement of albumen protein and water into the amniotic fluid [1]. Carinci and Manzoli-Guidott [21] related increased protein content of amniotic fluid to increased viscosity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical properties of late-incubation egg amniotic fluid and a potential in ovo feed supplement

Omede

Bhuiyan

lslam

et al. 2017

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveThis study explored the physico-chemical properties of late-incubation egg amniotic fluid and a potential in ovo feed (IOF) supplement.MethodsAmniotic fluid was collected from broiler breeders (Ross 308, 51 weeks and Cobb 500, 35 weeks) on day 17 after incubation. A mixture of high-quality soy protein supplement – Hamlet Protein AviStart (HPA) was serially diluted in MilliQ water to obtain solutions ranging from 150 to 9.375 mg/mL. The mixtures were heat-treated (0, 30, 60 minutes) in a waterbath (80°C) and then centrifuged to obtain supernatants. The amniotic fluid and HPA supernatants were analysed for their physico-chemical properties.ResultsOnly viscosity and K+ were significantly (p<0.05) different in both strains. Of all essential amino acids, leucine and lysine were in the highest concentration in both strains. The osmolality, viscosity and pCO2 of the supernatants decreased (p<0.05) with decreasing HPA concentration. Heat treatment significantly (p<0.05) affected osmolality, pH, and pCO2, of the supernatants. The interactions between HPA concentration and heat treatment were significant with regards to osmolality (p<0.01), pH (p<0.01), pCO2 (p<0.05), glucose (p<0.05), lactate (p<0.01) and acid-base status (p<0.01) of HPA solutions. The Ca2+, K+, glucose, and lactate increased with increasing concentration of HPA solution. The protein content of HPA solutions decreased (p<0.05) with reduced HPA solution concentrations. The supernatant from 150 mg/mL HPA solution was richest in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine and lysine. Amino acids concentrations were reduced (p<0.05) with each serial dilution but increased with longer heating.ConclusionThe values obtained in the primary solution (highest concentration) are close to the profiles of high-protein ingredients. This supplement, as a solution, hence, may be suitable for use as an IOF supplement and should be tested for this potential.

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“…During the second half of incubation, these fluids will be reabsorbed directly or indirectly by the embryo, to support the acceleration of its metabolism during the growth phase (Fig. 2) [72, 122]. …”

Section: Embryonic Structures and Their Role In Egg Defensementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Structural Barriers and Innate Immune Components during Incubation of the Avian Egg: Critical Interplay between Autonomous Embryonic Development and Maternal Anticipation

et al. 2018

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The integrated innate immune features of the calcareous egg and its contents are a critical underpinning of the remarkable evolutionary success of the Aves clade. Beginning at the time of laying, the initial protective structures of the egg, i.e., the biomineralized eggshell, egg-white antimicrobial peptides, and vitelline membrane, are rapidly and dramatically altered during embryonic development. The embryo-generated extra-embryonic tissues (chorioallantoic/amniotic membranes, yolk sac, and associated chambers) are all critical to counteract degradation of primary egg defenses during development. With a focus on the chick embryo (Gallus gallus domesticus), this review describes the progressive transformation of egg innate immunity by embryo-generated structures and mechanisms over the 21-day course of egg incubation, and also discusses the critical interplay between autonomous development and maternal anticipation.

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Development of Extra-embryonic Membranes and Fluid Compartments

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Hatching and residual yolk internalization in lizards: evolution, function and fate of the amnion

Hatching and residual yolk internalization in lizards: evolution, function and fate of the amnion

Physico-chemical properties of late-incubation egg amniotic fluid and a potential in ovo feed supplement

Dynamics of Structural Barriers and Innate Immune Components during Incubation of the Avian Egg: Critical Interplay between Autonomous Embryonic Development and Maternal Anticipation

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