Development of filaments for fused deposition modeling 3D printing with medical grade poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) copolymers

Feuerbach, Tim; Callau-Mendoza, Sara; Thommes, Markus

doi:10.1080/10837450.2018.1514522

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The elasticity of the filaments was evaluated based on the Young's modulus values. The values obtained for itraconazole-loaded filaments were in the range 2042.1-2641.1 MPa and they were comparable to the results obtained by Feuerbach et al for Resomer filaments [73]. The filament elasticity was not significantly affected by the addition of either copovidone or crospovidone to the formulation, while the values of the Young's modulus varied in the narrow range.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Multivariate Design of 3D Printed Immediate-Release Tablets with Liquid Crystal-Forming Drug—Itraconazole

et al. 2020

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The simplicity of object shape and composition modification make additive manufacturing a great option for customized dosage form production. To achieve this goal, the correlation between structural and functional attributes of the printed objects needs to be analyzed. So far, it has not been deeply investigated in 3D printing-related papers. The aim of our study was to modify the functionalities of printed tablets containing liquid crystal-forming drug itraconazole by introducing polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymers into the filament-forming matrices composed predominantly of poly(vinyl alcohol). The effect of the molecular reorganization of the drug and improved tablets’ disintegration was analyzed in terms of itraconazole dissolution. Micro-computed tomography was applied to analyze how the design of a printed object (in this case, a degree of an infill) affects its reproducibility during printing. It was also used to analyze the structure of the printed dosage forms. The results indicated that the improved disintegration obtained due to the use of Kollidon®CL-M was more beneficial for the dissolution of itraconazole than the molecular rearrangement and liquid crystal phase transitions. The lower infill density favored faster dissolution of the drug from printed tablets. However, it negatively affected the reproducibility of the 3D printed object.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Multivariate Design of 3D Printed Immediate-Release Tablets with Liquid Crystal-Forming Drug—Itraconazole

et al. 2020

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“…Hence, it can be concluded that the MFR values of the order of ~20–30 g 10min −1 (at a temperature range of 200–210 °C and 5 kg load) allow to pre-qualify the studied TPU filaments as suitable for 3D printing with the FFF/FDM method. However, it should be remembered that to fully assess the suitability of the filament for 3D printing, the results of tests such as thermal, rheological or mechanical should be taken into account [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of Polyester-Urethane Filament and Characterization of FFF 3D Printed Elastic Porous Structures with Potential in Cancellous Bone Tissue Engineering

et al. 2020

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This paper addresses the potential of self-made polyester-urethane filament as a candidate for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)-based 3D printing (3DP) in medical applications. Since the industry does not provide many ready-made solutions of medical-grade polyurethane filaments, we undertook research aimed at presenting the process of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament formation, detailed characteristics, and 3DP of specially designed elastic porous structures as candidates in cancellous tissue engineering. Additionally, we examined whether 3D printing affects the structure and thermal stability of the filament. According to the obtained results, the processing parameters leading to the formation of high-quality TPU filament (TPU_F) were captured. The results showed that TPU_F remains stable under the FFF 3DP conditions. The series of in vitro studies involving long- and short-term degradation (0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); 5 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH)), cytotoxicity (ISO 10993:5) and bioactivity (simulated body fluid (SBF) incubation), showed that TPU printouts possessing degradability of long-term degradable tissue constructs, are biocompatible and susceptible to mineralization in terms of hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation during SBF exposure. The formation of HAp on the surface of the specially designed porous tissue structures (PTS) was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies. The compression test of PTS showed that the samples were strengthened due to SBF exposure and deposited HAp on their surface. Moreover, the determined values of the tensile strength (~30 MPa), Young’s modulus (~0.2 GPa), and compression strength (~1.1 MPa) allowed pre-consideration of TPU_F for FFF 3DP of cancellous bone tissue structures.

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“…In literature, the target diameter was achieved by stretching and cooling the filament on conveyer belts [13][14][15][16][17]. Monitoring of the filament diameter was done with either calipers [6,11,18], offline after extrusion, at line [9,19,20] or inline [4,14], using diameter measurement modules as depicted in Figure 1. A prerequisite for diameter adaption via a conveyer belt is proper adhesion of the filament to the belt to obtain a reproducible and representative diameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot-Melt Extrusion Process Fluctuations and Their Impact on Critical Quality Attributes of Filaments and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms

2020

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Fused deposition modeling (FDMTM) is a 3D-printing technology of rising interest for the manufacturing of customizable solid dosage forms. The coupling of hot-melt extrusion with FDMTM is favored to allow the production of pharma-grade filaments for the printing of medicines. Filament diameter consistency is a quality of great importance to ensure printability and content uniformity of 3D-printed drug delivery systems. A systematical process analysis referring to filament diameter variations has not been described in the literature. The presented study aimed at a process setup optimization and rational process analysis for filament fabrication related to influencing parameters on diameter inhomogeneity. In addition, the impact of diameter variation on the critical quality attributes of filaments (mechanical properties) and uniformity of mass of printed drug-free dosage forms was investigated. Process optimization by implementing a winder with a special haul-off unit was necessary to obtain reliable filament diameters. Subsequently, the optimized setup was used for conduction of rational extrusion analysis. The results revealed that an increased screw speed led to diameter fluctuations with a decisive influence on the mechanical resilience of filaments and mass uniformity of printed dosage forms. The specific feed load was identified as a key parameter for filament diameter consistency.

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Development of filaments for fused deposition modeling 3D printing with medical grade poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymers

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Multivariate Design of 3D Printed Immediate-Release Tablets with Liquid Crystal-Forming Drug—Itraconazole

Multivariate Design of 3D Printed Immediate-Release Tablets with Liquid Crystal-Forming Drug—Itraconazole

Processing of Polyester-Urethane Filament and Characterization of FFF 3D Printed Elastic Porous Structures with Potential in Cancellous Bone Tissue Engineering

Hot-Melt Extrusion Process Fluctuations and Their Impact on Critical Quality Attributes of Filaments and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms

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