Development of Five Metabolic Activities Associated with the Intestinal Microflora of Healthy Infants

Midtvedt, A.-C.; Carlstedt-Duke, B.; Norin, K. E.; Saxerholt, Henri; Midtvedt, Tore

doi:10.1097/00005176-198807000-00014

Cited by 106 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…The untreated symptomatic celiac children and the children in the control group were younger. However, we consider the age difference between the groups studied to be of minor importance since it has been shown that children have already established their permanent gut microflora by 2 yearsof-age (13). Furthermore, we have reported that the SCFA pattern does not differ significantly in celiac children less than 6 years-of-age compared to those between 6 and 10 (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Screening-detected and symptomatic untreated celiac children show similar gut microflora-associated characteristics

Tjellström

Stenhammar²,

Högberg³

et al. 2010

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Screening-detected and symptomatic untreated celiac children show similar gut microflora-associated characteristics

Tjellström

Stenhammar²,

Högberg³

et al. 2010

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology

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“…The establishment of a mucindegrading flora in the human colon is a gradual process that begins in some infants as early as 3 mo of age (17,18). In the study of structures as complex as mucins, it may be difficult to determine whether changes in composition are the result of differences in their synthesis or bacterial degradation or of the analytical techniques used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Diet Affect the Composition of Porcine Colonic Mucins

1993

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ABSTRACT. Colonic mucins may serve a s a defense mechanism by binding bacterial, viral, or dietary lectins, thereby preventing them from attaching to the intestinal epithelium. Presumably, the composition of the mucins would be responsible for this phenomenon, and the composition of mucins from mature mammals would be the most effective in binding lectins. To determine whether differences in diet and/or age affect the composition of colonic mucins, we scraped fresh colonic mucosae from pigs a t 0 ( n = 3), 7 ( n = 3), 21 ( n = 3), and 180 (n = 3) d of age and purified the mucins from these mucosal scrapings. Mucins were purified by ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease digestion, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography, and cesium chloride density-gradient ultracentrifugation. The 180-d-old pig was considered mature. No changes were observed in any of the variables analyzed in the 7-d-old animals. No changes were observed in quantities of galactosamine and galactose. The amounts of fucose and glucosamine increased by 165 and 37%, respectively, ( p < 0.05) from d 0 to d 21 in the sow-fed animals, at which time fucose and glucosamine content were 48 and 22% greater, respectively, than in the 21-d-old, artificially fed group ( p < 0.05). A further significant increase in fucose content was observed in the mucins from mature animals. The sulfate content in the 21-d-old, sow-fed animals was significantly lower than in both the newborn and the 21-d-old artificially fed animals. The sulfate content in all three of these groups, however, was significantly higher than that observed in the mucins of mature animals. At 21 d of age, the protein content was significantly lower than a t birth for both diet groups but significantly higher than in the mucins of mature pigs. The evidence indicates that the composition of colonic mucins in 21-d-old sow-fed pigs was more mature than that in the artificially fed counterparts, with respect to fucose, glucosamine, and sulfate. Therefore, if a mature mucin composition is, in fact, a more effective defense against intestinal infection, young breast-fed animals may have an advantage over young artificially fed animals. (Pediatr Res 33: 564-567, 1993)

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“…Only a few studies have addressed the degradation of milk or epithelial glycolipids by members of the infant intestinal microbiota, and evidence has indicated that they possess enzymes that can hydrolyse in great part these glycoconjugates (Larson et al, 1988). Right after establishment, the intestinal microbiota is responsible for the degradation of glycolipids observed in breast-fed infant faeces (Gustafsson et al, 1986;Midtvedt et al, 1988). The degree of this hydrolytic activity Fig.…”

Section: Human Milk Glycolipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of human milk glycoconjugates by infant-associated bifidobacteria: mechanisms and implications

2013

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Human milk is a rich source of nutrients and energy, shaped by mammalian evolution to provide all the nutritive requirements of the newborn. In addition, several molecules in breast milk act as bioactive agents, playing an important role in infant protection and guiding a proper development. While major breast milk nutrients such as lactose, lipids and proteins are readily digested and consumed by the infant, other molecules, such as human milk oligosaccharides and glycosylated proteins and lipids, can escape intestinal digestion and transit through the gastrointestinal tract. In this environment, these molecules guide the composition of the developing infant intestinal microbiota by preventing the colonization of enteric pathogens and providing carbon and nitrogen sources for other colonic commensals. Only a few bacteria, in particular Bifidobacterium species, can gain access to the energetic content of milk as it is displayed in the colon, probably contributing to their predominance in the intestinal microbiota in the first year of life. Bifidobacteria deploy exquisite molecular mechanisms to utilize human milk oligosaccharides, and recent evidence indicates that their activities also target other human milk glycoconjugates. Here, we review advances in our understanding of how these microbes have been shaped by breast milk components and the strategies associated with their consumption of milk glycoconjugates.

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Development of Five Metabolic Activities Associated with the Intestinal Microflora of Healthy Infants

Cited by 106 publications

References 0 publications

Screening-detected and symptomatic untreated celiac children show similar gut microflora-associated characteristics

Screening-detected and symptomatic untreated celiac children show similar gut microflora-associated characteristics

Age and Diet Affect the Composition of Porcine Colonic Mucins

Consumption of human milk glycoconjugates by infant-associated bifidobacteria: mechanisms and implications

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