Development of Flagella by Proteus mirabilis

Hoeniger, Judith F. M.

doi:10.1099/00221287-40-1-29

Cited by 93 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Details concerning the these strains are given in Tables 2-4. Flagellation study. Negative staining was done with fixed cells of the type strains of P. gessardii and P. migulae according to the method described by Hoeniger (1965).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas gessardii sp. nov. and Pseudomonas migulae sp. nov., two new species isolated from natural mineral waters

Verhille¹,

Baida²,

Dabboussi³

et al. 1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Twenty-f ive non-ident if ied fluorescent Pseudomonas strains isolated from natural mineral waters were previously clustered into three phenotypic subclusters, Xlllb, XVa and XVc. These strains were characterized genotypically in the present study. DNA-DNA hybridization results and DNA base composition analysis revealed that these strains were members of two new species, for which the names Pseudomonas gessardii sp. nov. (type strain CIP 1054693 and Pseudomonas migulae sp. nov. (type strain CIP 1054703 are proposed. P. gessardii included 13 strains from phenotypic subclusters XVa and XVc. P. migulae included 10 strains from phenotypic subcluster Xlllb. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness ranged from 71 to 100% for P. gessardii and from 74 to 100% for P. migulae. The G+C content of the DNA of each type strain was 58 mol%. DNA similarity levels, measured with 67 reference strains of Pseudomonas species, were below 55%, with ATm values of 13 "C or more. The two new species presented basic morphological characteristics common to all pseudomonads. Various phenotypic features were found to differentiate them: P. gessardii strains utilized L-arabitol, myo-inositol, adonitol, xylitol and meso-erythritol as carbon sources, whereas P. migulae strains assimilated Larabinose, D-xylose, D-saccharate, meso-tartrate, tricarballylate, D-glucuronate, D-galacturonate, phenylacetate and histamine. The complete 16s rRNA sequences of each type strain were determined and compared with those of the type strains of Pseudomonas species. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was inferred from sequence analysis and demonstrated that the two new species fell into the 'Pseudomonas fluorescens intrageneric cluster'. To date, their clinical significance is unknown.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas gessardii sp. nov. and Pseudomonas migulae sp. nov., two new species isolated from natural mineral waters

Verhille¹,

Baida²,

Dabboussi³

et al. 1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…Although swimmer cells have only a few flagella, the elongated swarmer cells are profusely covered by hundreds to thousands of new flagella (Fig. 1A) synthesized specifically as a consequence of growth on the surface (4,19,20). The term "flagellin factories" was first used by Hoeniger (19) to describe the tremendous synthesis of new flagella in swarmer cell differentiation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Proteus mirabilis mutants defective in swarmer cell differentiation and multicellular behavior

1991

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Proteus mirabilis is a dimorphic bacterium which exists in liquid cultures as a 1.5-to 2.0-,um motile swimmer cell possessing 6 to 10 peritrichous flagella. When swimmer cells are placed on a surface, they differentiate by a combination of events that ultimately produce a swarmer cell. Unlike the swimmer cell, the polyploid swarmer cell is 60 to 80 ,um long and possesses hundreds to thousands of surface-induced flagella. These features, combined with multicellular behavior, allow the swarmer cells to move over a surface in a process called swarming. Transposon TnS was used to produce P. mirabUis mutants defective in wild-type swarming motility. Two general classes of mutants were found to be defective in swarming. The first class was composed of null mutants that were completely devoid of swarming motility. The majority of nonswarming mutations were the result of defects in the synthesis of flagella or in the ability to rotate the flagella. The remaining nonswarming mutants produced flagella but were defective in surface-induced elongation. Strains in the second general class of mutants, which made up more than 65% of all defects in swarming were motile but were defective in the control and coordination of multicellular swarming. Analysis of consolidation zones produced by such crippled mutants suggested that this pleiotropic phenotype was caused by a defect in the regulation of multicellular behavior. A possible mechanism controlling the cyclic process of differentiation and dedifferentiation involved in the swarming behavior of P. mirabilis is discussed.Proteus mirabilis is a motile gram-negative bacterium, similar in many aspects of its physiology to other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. It was originally described and named by Hauser in 1885 for the character in Homer's Odyssey who "has the power of assuming different shapes in order to escape being questioned" (quoted from reference 18). P. mirabilis is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen and is one of the principal causes of urinary infections in hospital patients with urinary catheters (32,34). Its ability to colonize the surfaces of catheters and the urinary tract may be aided by the characteristic first described more than a century ago and currently referred to as swarmer cell differentiation.When grown in suitable liquid media, P. mirabilis exists as 1.5-to 2.0-,um motile cells with 6 to 10 peritrichous flagella. These bacteria, called swimmer cells, display characteristic swimming and chemotactic behavior, moving toward nutrients and away from repellents (36). However, a dramatic change in cell morphology takes place when cells grown in liquid are transferred to a nutrient medium solidified with agar.

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“…One part of the bacterial suspension was then mixed with one part of a mixture of 2.0 % sodium phosphotungstate (Na-FTA, pH 7.1) and 0.05% bovine serum albumin (BSA), pH 7.0 (Hoeniger, 1965). A drop of the preparation was placed on a grid covered with a Formvar f i l m reinforced with carbon, and excess fluid removed after 15 s with a wick of filter paper.…”

Section: Studies With Light Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon of swarming growth is of diagnostic importance (Willis, 1964;Willis and Williams, 1970) and can also be made use of in the isolation of C. tetani from a mixture with other bacteria (Fildes, 1925). Swarming is demonstrated by other clostridia, for example C. novyi (Turner and Eales, 1941) and C. septicum (Willis, 1964;Willis and Williams, 1972); by some species of Bacillus (Sasarman, Ganea and Dospina, 1957) such as B. alvei (Henrichsen, 1972); and by Proteus vulgaris and P. mirabilis (see Hoeniger, 1964Hoeniger, ,1965Hoeniger, , 1966, for reviews of the literature).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence of Structural Changes in Cultures of Clostridium Tetani Grown on a Solid Medium

Hoeniger

Tauschel

1974

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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PLATE^ XX-XXV THE majority of Clostridium tetani strains will gradually completely spread as a very delicate film across the surface of a solid medium such as blood agar. This phenomenon of swarming growth is of diagnostic importance (Willis, 1964;Willis and Williams, 1970) and can also be made use of in the isolation of C. tetani from a mixture with other bacteria (Fildes, 1925). Swarming is demonstrated by other clostridia, for example C. novyi (Turner and Eales, 1941) and C. septicum (Willis, 1964;Willis and Williams, 1972); by some species of Bacillus (Sasarman, Ganea and Dospina, 1957) such as B. alvei (Henrichsen, 1972); and by Proteus vulgaris and P. mirabilis (see Hoeniger, 1964Hoeniger, ,1965Hoeniger, , 1966, for reviews of the literature).The present paper describes the sequence of structural changes observed in a strain of C. tetani during swarming growth. Cell morphology was studied by phase-contrast microscopy of agar-block preparations and by electron microscopy of negatively-stained preparations of whole organisms. We have also studied the distribution of cellular components such as nuclei and cytoplasm in swarmers stained for ordinary light microscopy or in similar cells embedded and sectioned for electron microscopy. Such a detailed investigation of C. tetani has not previously been carried out although the cytology of swarming of this bacterium was briefly discussed by Henrichsen (1972) in a general review of bacterial surface translocation.

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Development of Flagella by Proteus mirabilis

Cited by 93 publications

References 32 publications

Pseudomonas gessardii sp. nov. and Pseudomonas migulae sp. nov., two new species isolated from natural mineral waters

Pseudomonas gessardii sp. nov. and Pseudomonas migulae sp. nov., two new species isolated from natural mineral waters

Proteus mirabilis mutants defective in swarmer cell differentiation and multicellular behavior

Sequence of Structural Changes in Cultures of Clostridium Tetani Grown on a Solid Medium

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