Development of fontanelle and paranasal sinuses in the skull of prenatal buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Abstract

The maxillary sinus appeared first among the sinuses of the skull at 92 days of prenatal stage. The early formation of frontal sinus was observed at 157 days in the cranial most part of the frontal bone while the early formation of palatine sinus was observed at 170 days. A total of five fontanelles were observed in prenatal skulls of buffalo. The largest and unpaired fontanelle was anterior fontanelle. The mastoid and sphenoidal fontanelle were paired. The ossification of anterior fontanelle was first observed at 164 days. All the fontanelles were ossified completely prenatally.

Tracking Appearance and Development of the Ossification Centers in Cranium and Skull Base Bones of Iraqi Sheep Fetuses (Ovis aries) Using Double Stain Method

“…These results agreed with Atabo et al, (2020) in terms of the timing of the appearance of ossification centers in the three breeds of Nigerian sheep in the first trimester of gestation because they are from the same species. Laxshmi et al, (2012) mentioned in their study about the time and order of the appearance of ossification in the skull of buffaloes before birth that ossification in the body of the pre-sphenoid bone occurred on the 89th day of gestation. The results of the current study agreed with the results of these researchers in buffaloes in terms of the timing of the appearance of the sphenoid bone; and with Soana et al, (1996) who studied bone formation in the skull of cow fetuses, found that the sphenoid bone ossifies in the day (97) of gestation which meaning at the ending of the first trimester of gestation; and in the body of the basi-sphenoid bone in the day (62) of gestation in buffalo fetuses which meaning early of the first trimester of gestation; this differed from the current study results could be clarified from two opinions, initially, the difference is due to they are from different species, furthermore, these differences in the time of growth of ossification centers of basi-sphenoid bone that were recognized in current data could be as a result of the genetic related that regulator each cell action through endochondral ossification (Ibrahim et al, 2020).…”