Development of gut microbiota during the first 2 years of life

Wernroth, Mona-Lisa; Peura, Sari; Hedman, Anna M.; Hetty, Susanne; Vicenzi, Silvia; Kennedy, Beatrice; Fall, Katja; Svennblad, Bodil; Andolf, Ellika; Pershagen, Göran; Theorell‐Haglöw, Jenny; Nguyen, Diem; Sayols-Baixeras, Sergi; Dekkers, Koen F.; Bertilsson, Stefan; Almqvist, Catarina; Dicksved, Johan; Fall, Tove

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-13009-3

Cited by 59 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This is in line with previous reports indicating significant changes in the dominant phyla and diversity appearing from age 3 months onwards 16 or at the end of the first year of life 41 until the parent’s diversity and composition is reached by month 14 16 or on the second birthday. 42 None of the three types of supplementation investigated in this study were able to fully recreate the breast milk-related microbial environment. Accordingly, the fecal metabolic profile of 3-months old, breast-fed babies was clearly distinguishable from formula-consuming infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Diurnal rhythmicity of fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles in the first year of life: a randomized controlled interventional trial with infant formula

Heppner,

Reitmeier,

Heddes

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Microbiota assembly in the infant gut is influenced by time and duration of dietary exposure to breast-milk, infant formula and solid foods. In this randomized controlled intervention study, longitudinal sampling of infant stools (n=998) showed similar development of fecal bacterial communities between formula- and breast-fed infants during the first year of life (N=210). Infant formula supplemented with galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) was most efficient to sustain high levels of bifidobacteria compared to formula containingB. longumandB. breveor placebo. Metabolite (untargeted) and bacterial profiling (16S rRNA/shallow metagenomics sequencing) revealed 24-hour oscillations and integrated data analysis identified circadian networks. Rhythmicity in bacterial diversity, specific taxa and functional pathways increased with age and was most pronounced following breast-feeding and GOS-supplementation. Circadian rhythms in dominant taxa were discoveredex-vivoin a chemostat model. Hence microbiota rhythmicity develops early in life, likely due to bacterial intrinsic clock mechanism and is affected by diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Diurnal rhythmicity of fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles in the first year of life: a randomized controlled interventional trial with infant formula

Heppner,

Reitmeier,

Heddes

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Indeed, we observed high Prevotella levels at baseline which increased signi cantly at later time points 9 and 12 months. The age group of the participants in this study was restricted to 11-15 years, this is important to note considering the variability associated with the microbiome structure of kids as they grow 42,56,57 . Our selection of this age group is based on our previous work, where we have demonstrated that there were no age-speci c effects on the gut microbiome 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Analysis of the Impacts of Urogenital Schistosomiasis on the Gut microbiota of Adolescents in Nigeria

Ajibola

Penumutchu

Gulumbe

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The gut microbiome is important for many host physiological processes and helminths and these interactions may lead to microbial changes. We carried out a longitudinal study of the impacts of S. haematobium infection on the gut microbiome of adolescents (11-15 years) in northern Nigeria pre and post praziquantel treatment. Using 16S sequencing a total of 267 DNA from faecal samples of infected versus uninfected adolescents were amplified and sequenced on an Illumina Miseq. We assessed the diversity of the taxa using alpha diversity metrices and observed that using Shannon index we obtained significant differences when we compared infected samples at 3, 9 and 12 months to baseline uninfected controls (P= <0.0001, P=0.0342 and P=0.0003 respectively). Microbial community composition analysis revealed that there were only significant differences at 3, 9 and 12 months (P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). We also demonstrated that the effects of the infection on the gut was more significant than praziquantel. Overall, our data suggests that S. haematobium, a non-gut resident parasite has indirect interactions with the gut. The bacterial taxa changes we have identified opens up the opportunity to investigate their role in human health, especially in urogenital schistosomiasis endemic communities.

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“…There are three pivotal stages in the development of the gut microbiome: birth, adolescence, and old-age ( 15 ). Substantial changes occur in human gut microbiota during the first two years of life, as the gut microbiota of neonates shifts during development to be more similar to adult microbiota by 24 months of age ( 37 ) and is continuing to increase in communal diversity by five years of age ( 38 ). Gut microbiome diversity appears to be relatively constant from adolescence through adulthood; however, alterations in the microbiome have been observed between the 60–80 year-old- and >80 year-old-individuals ( 32 ).…”

Section: The Aging Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Growing old together: What we know about the influence of diet and exercise on the aging host's gut microbiome

Brooks

Wight

Azeez

et al. 2023

Front. Sports Act. Living

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The immune system is critical in defending against infection from pathogenic microorganisms. Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as the elderly, are more susceptible to infections and developing autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The gut microbiome contains a plethora of bacteria and other microorganisms, which collectively plays a significant role in immune function and homeostasis. Gut microbiota are considered to be highly influential on host health and immune function. Therefore, dysbiosis of the microbiota could be a major contributor to the elevated incidence of multiple age-related pathologies. While there seems to be a general consensus that the composition of gut microbiota changes with age, very little is known about how diet and exercise might influence the aging microbiome. Here, we examine the current state of the literature regarding alterations to the gut microbiome as hosts age, drawing particular attention to the knowledge gaps in addressing how diet and exercise influence the aging microbiome. Further, we will demonstrate the need for more controlled studies to investigate the roles that diet and exercise play driving the composition, diversity, and function of the microbiome in an aging population.

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Development of gut microbiota during the first 2 years of life

Cited by 59 publications

References 49 publications

Diurnal rhythmicity of fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles in the first year of life: a randomized controlled interventional trial with infant formula

Diurnal rhythmicity of fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles in the first year of life: a randomized controlled interventional trial with infant formula

Longitudinal Analysis of the Impacts of Urogenital Schistosomiasis on the Gut microbiota of Adolescents in Nigeria

Growing old together: What we know about the influence of diet and exercise on the aging host's gut microbiome

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