“…7d). Benefiting from these advantages of the BPM compared to conventional AEM and PEM, the BPM has been widely used in various systems for hydrogen production, such as photoelectrochemical water This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2024 splitting, 142,143 electrochemical water splitting, 144,145 hybrid water splitting, 146,147 alkali-acid hydrazine fuel cell, [148][149][150] and zinc-H 2 batteries. 151 Nonetheless, it is worth noting that the electrochemical resistance is directly influenced by the distance between two electrodes.…”