Development of High‐Energy Anodes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries Based on Sulfide Electrolytes

Abstract

All-solid-state Li batteries (ASSBs) promise better performance and higher safety than the current liquidbased Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Sulfide ASSBs have been extensively studied and considerably advanced in recent decades. Research on identifying suitable cathode materials for sulfide ASSBs is currently well established, with great progress being made in the commercialization of layered cathodes in the liquid-based LIBs. Research on anode materials for sulfide ASSBs is of great importance for enhancing the battery energy density. However, it seems that little has been published that summarizes studies of anode materials for sulfide ASSBs and suggests future research directions. Thus, within this Minireview, we aim to provide an overview of previous and current research focused on anode materials for sulfide ASSBs and to suggest a future research direction for developing suitable anode systems for sulfide ASSBs.

Long‐Cycling All‐Solid‐State Batteries Achieved by 2D Interface between Prelithiated Aluminum Foil Anode and Sulfide Electrolyte

“…[ 23–25 ] Therefore, it is necessary to develop new anode materials to achieve ASSBs with high energy density, stable cycling, and improved safety. [ 26 ]…”

Silicon as Emerging Anode in Solid-State Batteries

“…Anode materials play a crucial role for the energy density of SSBs. Various types of anodes have been explored, such as intercalation- and insertion-type anodes (e.g., graphite or Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), alloy-type anodes, conversion-types anodes, and lithium metal anodes. , Among them, pure lithium metal anodes exhibit the highest specific capacity (3860 mAh g –1 ) and the lowest potential (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode). The practical application of lithium anodes in SSBs is yet limited by interface instability and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, low critical current density, and lithium dendrite penetration of the separator .…”

“…Li-In alloy anodes have often been applied in academic research for sulfide-based SSBs to suppress SEI formation . However, a high potential (0.62 V vs Li + /Li) and insufficient kinetics of lithium diffusion in the Li-In two-phase anode do not meet the requirements of high energy density and fast charge . A recent study further revealed that Li-In anodes also suffer from dendrite formation, especially at high area loading and high current density …”

“…12 However, a high potential (0.62 V vs Li + /Li) and insufficient kinetics of lithium diffusion in the Li-In twophase anode do not meet the requirements of high energy density and fast charge. 11 A recent study further revealed that Li-In anodes also suffer from dendrite formation, especially at high area loading and high current density. 13 Silicon exhibits a similarly high theoretical capacity (3590 mAh g −1 based on Li 3.…”

Clarification of Li deposition behavior on anodes with a porous interlayer in Li-free all-solid-state batteries

“…1,2 Because cathode active materials are solely used as the Li source in Li-free ASSBs and no Li metal is involved in the initial battery assembly process, the energy density of the entire cell can be signicantly increased. [3][4][5] Furthermore, the absence of Li metal during cell assembly can streamline the production process. 6 For Li-free ASSBs to achieve high-capacity retention over many cycles, high reversibility is particularly required during repeated Li deposition and stripping processes within the anode because the Li supply is very limited without excess in Li-free ASSBs.…”