Development of high performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection method for screening mebendazole, clorsulon, diaveridine, and tolfenamic acid in animal‐based food samples

Abstract

This study focused on the detection and validation of the residues of the four veterinary drugs, mebendazole, clorsulon, diaveridine, and tolfenamic acid, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an ultraviolet (UV) detector. Utilizing C18 column as a stationary phase and applying appropriate mobile phases to each analysis according to the properties of the analytes, target compounds in food samples were successfully detected and separated within 15-50 min. Additionally, in order to optimize detection, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and purification steps were established to minimize the endogenous peaks and their interferences. The method was validated through testing of linearity, accuracy, precision, the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ). The LOQ levels of the four drugs were lower than the maximum residual limit, and the coefficient of determination (R(2) ) was over 0.99. The recovery results ranged from 82.3-105.2%, 79.3-83.3%, 79.4-86.0%, and 81.7-88.5% with relative standard deviations lower than 20% for mebendazole, clorsulon, diaveridine, and tolfenamic acid, respectively, corresponding to the CODEX guideline. This proposed method reduces costs and enables easier application in rural or remote areas where testing facilities or instruments often are unavailable.

Use of Micellar Liquid Chromatography to Determine Mebendazole in Dairy Products and Breeding Waste from Bovine Animals

“…As far as we know, this is the first article describing a method to determine mebendazole in cheese, butter, curd, dung, and urine using liquid chromatography coupled to absorbance detection. Using this technique, MBZ has been quantified in milk using complex extraction procedures (trueness 82.3-105.2% and precision <13.4%) [32] or specific extraction devices (trueness 70.2-117.6% and precision <10.9%) [33]. Those methods exhibit lower analytical performances, are more expensive and use larger quantity of toxic chemicals.…”

Simultaneous Determination of Levamisole, Mebendazole, and the Two Metabolite Residues of Mebendazole in Poultry Eggs by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…Currently, the methods used to determine the contents of LMS, MBZ, HMBZ, and AMBZ in animal-derived foods include immunochromatographic detection [14], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [15], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [16], gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) [17], high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UVD) analysis [18,19], and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis [20,21]. Due to the basic properties and low volatility of both MBZ and LMS, GC-MS and GC-MS/MS procedures often require derivatization of compound residues to induce volatility and generate substances suitable for MS confirmation analysis.…”

A Sensitive Sensor Based on Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes: Its Preparation, Characterization and Application in the Electrochemical Determination of Drug Clorsulon in Milk Samples

“…So far, only a few analytical methods have been developed for the quantitative determination of Clo, mainly using chromatographic techniques, such as reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (RPÀ HPLCÀ UV) [2], high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLCÀ UV) [1], ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLCÀ MS/ MS) [3], gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (GCÀ NICIÀ MS) [4], liquid chromatography with matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPDÀ LC) [5], and liquid chromatography with reversed phase solid phase extraction (RPÀ SPEÀ LC) [6] in the following samples: beef [1], milk [1,3,5,6], egg [3], honey [3], muscle [3], cattle kidney [4], and commercial formulation [2]. However, electrochemical techniques can be successfully applied as a reliable tool in the quantitative analysis of pesticides [7][8][9], antibiotics [7,[10][11][12], drugs [13][14][15], and other substances requiring constant controlling [15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…Clo inhibits various enzymes involved in the glycolytic process of flukes, and the mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of 8‐phosphoglycerate kinase and phosphor‐glyceromutase, and on blocking the oxidation of glucose to acetate and propionate. As a consequence, the levels of ATP as the cellular fuel are depressed .…”