Development of Higher Fungi Under Weightlessness

Kasatkina, T.B.; Zharikova, G. G.; Rubin, A. B.; Palmbakh, L.R.; Vaulina, E.N.; Mashinsky, A.L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-024436-5.50028-7

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Comparing results obtained from experiments with clinostats with those from the few experiments which have been done on orbital space craft (Table 1) it seems that a clinostat of the design used by * References: 1, Hasselbring (1907); 2, Reijnders (1963); 3, Plunkett (1961); 4, Gorovoj et al (1989); 5, Zharikova et al (1977); 6, Dudchenko et al (1978); 7, Kasatkina et al (1980); 8, Kasatkina et al (1984). Gorovoj et al (1989), with a rotation speed of 2 rpm, is a good analogue ofthe 'zero' gravity state.…”

Section: Gravimorphogenetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fruit bodies grown aboard Salyut-5 in the light were similar to normal and had a tubular hymenophore. However, although the hymenium extended over the walls of the tubes in control cultures, those grown in orbit had basidia at the bottom of the tubes only (Kasatkina et al, 1984).…”

Section: Gravimorphogenetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two experiments have been conducted, again with Polyporus brumalis, during flights ofthe manned space stations Salyut-5 and Salyut-6 (Kasatkina et al, 1980(Kasatkina et al, , 1984; the organism was described as Polyporus ciliatus in the 1980 paper, but as P. brumalis in all subsequent publications). Salyut-5 was launched on 22 June 1976 and the recovery capsule containing material from the scientific experiments detached and landed on 26 February 1977.…”

Section: Gravimorphogenetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perception and response to gravity in higher fungi – a critical appraisal

Moore

1991

New Phytologist

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summary Considering that research on gravitropism in higher fungi has a history of over 100 years, the harvest of established fact is disappointingly meagre. We can be reasonably certain of the following. Hymenomycete ‘mushroom’ fruit bodies (polypore and agaric) exhibit a number of tropisms of which anemotropism, gravitropism, phototropism and thigmotropism have been clearly demonstrated. At any one time, one tropism usually predominates but the inferior tropisms can be demonstrated if the predominating ones can be removed by manipulation of the growth conditions. In ascending order, the hierarchy appears to be: thigmotropism, gravitropism, anemotropism, phototropism. During the course of development of a fruit body different tropisms predominate at different times. The youngest fruit body initials grow perpendicularly away from their substratum. The nature of this tropism is completely unknown but perpendicular growth of fruit body initials has been remarked upon in experiments at a variety of light intensities and in gravitational fields from + 0 to 4·5 g. The fruit‐body primordium then becomes first positively phototropic but later negative gravitropism predominates. The switch between predominance of the two tropisms has been associated with the onset of sporulation in a number of different studies. The major adjustment of the direction of growth in response to a tropic stimulus is made by the mushroom stem. It is the apex of the stem which makes the most immediate gravitropic response. Gravitropic growth curvatures are limited to the normal growth zones of the stem and seem to depend on re‐allocation of available growth resources. If the fruit body is reoriented late in the growth of the stem, it may not be able to respond fully. In these cases gravitropic movements of the cap may still be able to bring the hymenophore back to the vertical. Mechanical forces may influence and contribute to the ‘gravitropic’ response but this has not been experimentally examined. The hymenophore (gill, tube or tooth) is positively gravitropic and responds independently of the stem. Bracket polypores do not show tropisms but exhibit gravimorphogenetic responses such that gross disturbance leads to renewal of growth to produce and entirely new fruiting structure suitably reoriented to the new spatial position. One experiment performed on an orbiting space station suggests that, in the absence of a light stimulus, gravity may be required for initiation of fruiting in Polyporus brumalis. Otherwise, the indications from both clinostat and space‐borne experiments are that the basic form of the mushroom (overall tissue arrangement of stem, cap, gills, hymenium, veil) in agaric and polypore alike is established independently of the gravity vector. Abnormal stem growth has been observed in clinostat cultures of Panus (= Lentinus) tigrinus and Polyporus brumalis, but the morphogenetic event which seems most dependent on gravity is sporulation (in the broadest sense). Cultures of P. brumalis on orbiting space craft fail to produce the ...

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Section: Gravimorphogenetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gravimorphogenetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gravimorphogenetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perception and response to gravity in higher fungi – a critical appraisal

Moore

1991

New Phytologist

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“…Stipe twisting in light from below as observed here occurs also in F. velutipes under microgravity (Kern and Hock, 1996); stipe spiralling occurs also in Polyporus brumalis under microgravity (Zharikova et al, 1977;Kasatkina et al, 1984). Thus, the stipe twisting and the stipe spiralling seem to be caused by inadequate posturing of fruit-bodies or by certain conditions of gravity.…”

Section: Twisting or Spiralling In Stipes Stipes Of F Velutipesmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…: Ft. under clinostat rotation (Plunkett, 1961); normal pores rarely formed in P. brumalis under clinostat rotation (Gorovoj et al, 1989) or under microgravity (Kasatkina et al, 1984).…”

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confidence: 98%

Responses of lignicolous-agaric fruit-bodies to light and gravity: a study to overview the fruit-body development in hymenomycetes

Kaneko

Sagara

2001

Mycoscience

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Our previous study revealed that, when exposed to light from below, fruit-bodies of humus-borne agarics grow straight downward both in the "Coprinus Type" and "Non-Coprinus Type" species and that, in the latter, gills tilt by gravitropism, caps swell and wave, and stipes twist. The present study revealed that fruit-bodies of some lignicolous agarics also grew straight downward. Among them, Flammulina velutipes and Hypsizygus marmoreus fruit-bodies showed almost the same behaviour as the "Non-Coprinus Type', but P/eurotus ostreatus (assumed Polyporus Type) fruit-bodies did not show the gill tilting and cap waving. Rather, it redifferentiated to produce new gills or new fruit-bodies, possibly by gravimorphogenesis, or formed spiral stipes. Based on these results, graviresponses in hymenomycetes are overviewed.

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Photomorphogenesis and Gravitropism in Fungi

Corrochano

Galland

Growth, Differentiation and Sexuality

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Development of Higher Fungi Under Weightlessness

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Perception and response to gravity in higher fungi – a critical appraisal

Perception and response to gravity in higher fungi – a critical appraisal

Responses of lignicolous-agaric fruit-bodies to light and gravity: a study to overview the fruit-body development in hymenomycetes

Photomorphogenesis and Gravitropism in Fungi

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