Development of Homogeneity in an Al-6061 Alloy Processed by ECAP and ECAP-Conform

Xu, Cheng; Langdon, Terence G.

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.294

MSF

2014

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.294

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Development of Homogeneity in an Al-6061 Alloy Processed by ECAP and ECAP-Conform

Cheng Xu

Terence G. Langdon

Abstract: Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) has been established as an effective method to achieve ultrafine-grained materials and ECAP combined with the Conform process (ECAP-Conform) is considered a promising candidate to realize continuous processing by ECAP. This paper describes experiments conducted on samples of an Al-6061 alloy in order to evaluate the homogeneity development of the alloy processed by ECAP and ECAP-Conform. The samples of the Al-6061 alloy were processed by ECAP and ECAP-Conform at room tempe… Show more

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“…1(b) [35]. The binding energy of the characteristic Dirac crossing depends on the bulk doping and each branch of the TSS hosts a spin component [36]); (f) ARPES close-up on the Fermi arcs in the Weyl semimetal TaAs, connecting two Weyl nodes, and sketch of the calculated spin texture; (g) Px and Py polarization measured in correspondence of the "1" and "5" points indicated in (f), consistent with the arrow rotation, with a vanishing Py and Px in "1" and "5", respectively (adapted from ref. [37]).…”

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“…The red arrows sketch the spin texture of the TSS; (c) spin polarization Py of the TSS along kx at a binding energy of 20 meV (adapted from ref. [35]); (d) Fermi surface of the Na3Bi DSM measured on the (100) plane; (e) spin-resolved spectra sensitive to the Py polarization, measured in correspondence of the two arrows in (d) at the two Fermi arcs (adapted from ref [36][37]…”

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Present and future trends in spin ARPES

Lin¹,

Moreschini²,

Lanzara³

2021

EPL

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Spin-orbit (SO) coupling combined with space inversion symmetry breaking is at the origin of the lifting of the spin degeneracy in the band structure of many materials. The momentum-dependent energy splitting and the degree of spin polarization are indicative of the strength and symmetry of the SO interaction, and enter in the figure of merit of essentially all conceptual designs aiming to control the electron spin degree of freedom in solids. Here we briefly review the role played by spin-and-angle-resolved photoemission (spin ARPES or SARPES) in revealing the spin polarization specifically in the topological states of 3-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TIs), and we discuss how the progress in the technique can assist the rise of several active fields like spintronics, spin-orbitronics or the generation of spin-polarized beams.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and future trends in spin ARPES

Lin¹,

Moreschini²,

Lanzara³

2021

EPL

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Ultrasonic Assisted Incremental Equal Angular Channel Pressing Process of AA 6063

Bulutsuz

2020

Adv Eng Mater

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Recent technological developments need lightweight materials with high mechanical properties, especially in energy, automotive, and aerospace industries. [1,2] New chemical compositions have been developed with the increased demand for Al and their alloys. Moreover, to increase their mechanical properties, thermomechanical processes, such as extrusion, upsetting, and wire drawing, have widely been used for industrial applications of Al and its alloys. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is one of the thermomechanical processes, which increases dislocation density. This increase results in finer grain sizes and increased mechanical properties, which render SPD techniques an attractive method. [3,4] Conventional methods, such as extrusion or upset forging, are able to deform, generally, external parts of materials. However, SPD methods, such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), can produce more homogenous strain distribution along the cross section of the material due to homogenous severe deformation. SPD methods are capable of doubling the mechanical strength while manufacturing ultrafine grain structures with mean grain sizes smaller than 400 nm. [4-6] Despite improved material properties' results of SPD techniques, most of them are still being used at the laboratory scale due to their manufacturing costs and usage difficulties. Materials size and length are the usage difficulties, which is generally restricted by die sizes. According to the literature, the ECAP is more convenient for producing longer specimens than other SPD methods for producing longer size ultrafine-grained materials. [7,8] However, this technique restricts the specimen length with its die size and plunger length, which is a significant limitation. High friction rate between the die walls and the specimen is another restriction for specimen size. Movable side walls during ECAP are developed as a solution to friction. However, the specimen length is limited to the die size. [9] Conform methods adapt continuous material feeding to SPD processes, which allow manufacturing fine-grained longer products. The conform SPD application was developed by Raab et al. in 2004 [10] for deformation of pure Al with ECAP. Various materials were used in conform methods, such as Ti G4, [11] TiNi, [12] Al6061, [13] and Al6101. [14] The most significant limitation of this method is the high friction rate between die and material. Especially, materials with low melting temperatures are effected from friction heat and result with a grain recovery that also decreases process efficiency. In the incremental ECAP (I-ECAP) process, which was first described in 2007, the material is fed step by step, and a punch deforms material between these steps; there are two separated synchronous movements of punch (deformation) and feeding system. [15] Thus, there is not a load on the specimen during feeding, which also eliminates high friction rates between die and specimen in contrast with traditional ECAP. Because of the continuous feeding of materials in the I-ECAP method, the ...

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Development of Homogeneity in an Al-6061 Alloy Processed by ECAP and ECAP-Conform

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Present and future trends in spin ARPES

Present and future trends in spin ARPES

Ultrasonic Assisted Incremental Equal Angular Channel Pressing Process of AA 6063

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