Development of human lactic acid (LAB) gastrointestinal microbiota in a Greek rural population

“…Missing fecal Lactobacillus is reported in elderly people by some studies (17,18,21). However, it seems that there is a universal scientific agreement on the preponderance of Lactobacillus in all ages (17,18,21,29).…”

Section: Environment Stress Antibiotics and Other Factors Alteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this vein, their intestine is expected to be colonized by probiotics, such as Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii lactis, Lactobacillus lactis lactis, Leuconostoc, and Bifidobacterium (10%). These species are sparsely found (5%) in an old person's microflora (29).…”

Section: Dairy Functional Foods and Intestinal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions of the Human Intestinal Microbiota in Relation to Functional Foods

Stavropoulou¹,

Tsigalou²,

Bezirtzoglou³

2018

Erciyes Med J

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Interest in functional foods has increased due to their relationship to diet and health. A healthy nutrition preserves the intestinal ecosystem and enhances health. Probiotic Lactobacillus appears to be highly sensitive to diet, environmental factors, stress, and antibiotics. Functional foods are known to play an important role in the stability of a human intestinal ecosystem. Moreover, dissemination of antibiotic resistances into consumed dairy and meat products could select some bacterial species. However, awareness of the relationship between food and health must be constant through permanent surveillance systems. The European Union guidelines should be imposed for the safe use of functional foods as foods or either as biotherapeutic agents. Functional foods are foods that surpass classic nutritional habits and have usually beneficial action for their host. They are classified into three main classes: probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics. The use of genetically modified probiotics could provide further chances for the industrial and pharmaceutical exploitation of probiotic microorganisms. In contrast, prebiotics are not microorganisms but non-digestible components. They stimulate the growth and/or the activity of several bacteria in a beneficial way. Their action contributes to a healthy and balanced intestinal microbiota. Systematic administration of prebiotics decreases blood lipid counts, as well as blood pressure, but increases the synthesis and absorption of foods and maybe has an anticarcinogenic action. They are also used extensively in the food industry. Last but not the least is the class of symbiotics, which combines a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics with both effects.

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“…It is not known which bacterial species are needed for inducing a proper barrier effect, but it is generally accepted that this barrier function can be strongly supported by providing benefic alimentary supplements called functional foods. In this vein, it is stressed the fact that early intestinal colonization with organisms such as lactobacilli (56) and bifidobacteria provide possibly subsequent protection from many different types of diseases. Moreover, this benefic microflora dominated by bifidobacteria and lactobacilli supports the concept of their ability to modify the gut microbiota by reducing the risk of cancer following their capacity to decrease β-glucoronidase and carcinogen levels.…”

Section: The Intestinal Microbiota Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bifidobacterium is reported to be a probiotic bacterium, exercising a beneficial effect on the intestinal flora. An antagonism has been reported between B. bifidum and C. perfringens in the intestine of newborns delivered by caesarean section (56). …”

Section: The Intestinal Microbiota Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal cytochromes P450 regulating the intestinal microbiota and its probiotic profile

Bezirtzoglou¹

2012

Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease

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Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) enzymes metabolize a large variety of xenobiotic substances. In this vein, a plethora of studies were conducted to investigate their role, as cytochromes are located in both liver and intestinal tissues. The P450 profile of the human intestine has not been fully characterized. Human intestine serves primarily as an absorptive organ for nutrients, although it has also the ability to metabolize drugs. CYPs are responsible for the majority of phase I drug metabolism reactions. CYP3A represents the major intestinal CYP (80%) followed by CYP2C9. CYP1A is expressed at high level in the duodenum, together with less abundant levels of CYP2C8-10 and CYP2D6. Cytochromes present a genetic polymorphism intra- or interindividual and intra- or interethnic. Changes in the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug are associated with increased toxicity due to reduced metabolism, altered efficacy of the drug, increased production of toxic metabolites, and adverse drug interaction. The high metabolic capacity of the intestinal flora is due to its enormous pool of enzymes, which catalyzes reactions in phase I and phase II drug metabolism. Compromised intestinal barrier conditions, when rupture of the intestinal integrity occurs, could increase passive paracellular absorption. It is clear that high microbial intestinal charge following intestinal disturbances, ageing, environment, or food-associated ailments leads to the microbial metabolism of a drug before absorption. The effect of certain bacteria having a benefic action on the intestinal ecosystem has been largely discussed during the past few years by many authors. The aim of the probiotic approach is to repair the deficiencies in the gut flora and establish a protective effect. There is a tentative multifactorial association of the CYP (P450) cytochrome role in the different diseases states, environmental toxic effects or chemical exposures and nutritional status.

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Development of human lactic acid (LAB) gastrointestinal microbiota in a Greek rural population

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Selection of potential probiotic Lactobacillus strains of human origin for use in dairy industry

Selection of potential probiotic Lactobacillus strains of human origin for use in dairy industry

Functions of the Human Intestinal Microbiota in Relation to Functional Foods

Intestinal cytochromes P450 regulating the intestinal microbiota and its probiotic profile

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