Development of human respiratory airway models: A review

Ahookhosh, Kaveh; Pourmehran, O.; Aminfar, Habib; Mohammadpourfard, Mousa; Sarafraz, M.M.; Hamishehkar, Hamed

doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105233

Cited by 61 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 217 publications

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“…Once passing through the nasal airway, the inhaled air penetrates through the oropharynx, larynx, trachea, and then enters the lungs. The point where the inhaled air splits into the two mainstem bronchi is called the carina [44,45,47]. The right mainstem bronchus is wider and more vertical (and divides into three lobes or bronchi) than the left lung, which divides into two lobes bronchi [48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Respirable Dust Deposition In the Human Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the first three generations of bronchi, the air passes through smaller bronchioles for 15-20 generations; the first 16 branching in the tracheobronchial (TB) region and the remaining in the alveolar region [47,48,54]. These conducting bronchioles receive oxygen from the bronchial arteries where the walls are similarly lined by ciliated columnar cells and mucus-secreting goblet cells [52,53].…”

Section: Respirable Dust Deposition In the Human Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of this, diesel particulate matter (DPM) with a diameter of less than 1 µm is considered a concern for underground workers. Submicron particles are not cleared as efficiently as larger particles and have mobility within the respiratory system or beyond via translocation to blood [47,59].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Respirable Coal Mine Dust: A Review of Respiratory Deposition, Regulations, and Characterization

et al. 2021

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In the late 1990s, despite years of efforts to understand and reduce coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (CWP) prevalence from more than 30% in 1970 to less than 4.2%, the level of occurrence among the US coal miners increased unexpectedly. The recent resurgence of lung diseases has raised concerns in the scientific and regulatory communities. In 2014, the United States Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) issued a new dust rule changing the respirable coal mine dust (RCMD) exposure limits, measurement technology, and sampling protocol. The analysis for probable causes for the substantial increase in the CWP incidence rate is rather complicated. This paper aims to conduct a review of RCMD respiratory deposition, health effects, monitoring, regulations, and particle characteristics. The primary sources of RCMD along with the health risks from potential exposure are highlighted, and the current RCMD exposure regulations of the major coal producer countries are compared. A summary of RCMD characterization studies from 1972 to the present is provided. A review of the literature revealed that numerous factors, including geological and mining parameters, advancements in mining practices, particle characteristics, and monitoring approaches are considered to contribute to the recent resurgence of RCMD lung diseases. However, the root causes of the problem are still unknown. The effectiveness of the new dust rules in the United States will probably take years to be correctly assessed. Therefore, future research is needed to understand the relationship between RCMD particle characteristics and lung deposition, and the efficacy of current monitoring practices to measure the true dose of RCMD exposure.

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Section: Respirable Dust Deposition In the Human Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Respirable Dust Deposition In the Human Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respirable Coal Mine Dust: A Review of Respiratory Deposition, Regulations, and Characterization

et al. 2021

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“…5 Pourmehran and co-workers established a human respiratory airway model, which can be applied to guide the design of tracheal stents. 6,7 We established the dynamic model of an SMA tracheal stent, and initially analyzed its dynamic characteristics. 8 In sum, the SMA tracheal stent has been applied widely for tracheal stenosis, while its dynamic characteristics and loss mechanism are not very clear, which hinders its further development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Response and First Passage of Sma Tracheal Stent in Cough Process

Zhu

2020

J. Mech. Med. Biol.

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The high-order nonlinear terms are applied to express the strain–stress curves of shape memory alloy (SMA) materials, and a new type of SMA model is proposed. Cough process is regarded as a strong stochastic process, and the mechanical model of an SMA tracheal stent in cough process is proposed where the large deformation caused by cough is considered. The system’s natural frequency is obtained, and its dynamic response is analyzed. The analysis and simulation results show that when the intensity of outside excitation increased 3.5 times (from 0.2 to 0.7), the system’s first-passage time was advanced by 19%, which means that the increase of the cough intensity will cause the loss of the stent; the large-amplitude vibration can be eliminated by selecting materials with appropriate parameters, which means the loss of tracheal stent can be avoided even in strong cough. This paper provides a new way to avoid the stent’s loss.

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“…Recent medial applications of 3D printing include in dentistry [10][11][12][13][14], orthopedics [15][16][17], craniomaxillofacial surgery [18,19], and even drug delivery [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. For example, a 3D-printed SLS drill guide can be used to accurately sculpt a facial tumor [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional printing for cardiovascular diseases: from anatomical modeling to dynamic functionality

et al. 2020

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is widely used in medicine. Most research remains focused on forming rigid anatomical models, but moving from static models to dynamic functionality could greatly aid preoperative surgical planning. This work reviews literature on dynamic 3D heart models made of flexible materials for use with a mock circulatory system. Such models allow simulation of surgical procedures under mock physiological conditions, and are; therefore, potentially very useful to clinical practice. For example, anatomical models of mitral regurgitation could provide a better display of lesion area, while dynamic 3D models could further simulate in vitro hemodynamics. Dynamic 3D models could also be used in setting standards for certain parameters for function evaluation, such as flow reserve fraction in coronary heart disease. As a bridge between medical image and clinical aid, 3D printing is now gradually changing the traditional pattern of diagnosis and treatment.

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Development of human respiratory airway models: A review

Cited by 61 publications

References 217 publications

Respirable Coal Mine Dust: A Review of Respiratory Deposition, Regulations, and Characterization

Respirable Coal Mine Dust: A Review of Respiratory Deposition, Regulations, and Characterization

Dynamic Response and First Passage of Sma Tracheal Stent in Cough Process

Three-dimensional printing for cardiovascular diseases: from anatomical modeling to dynamic functionality

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