“…The terminology derives from the material conversion mechanism, in which electrostatic energy (electro) is utilized to process working liquid (hydro) through a powerful interactive process (dynamic). During this process, the atomization of the liquids transfers the fluid into solid products (Bai et al, 2022;Cao et al, 2022;He et al, 2022;Song et al, 2022;Wang H. et al, 2023;Du et al, 2023;Ji et al, 2023;Xu et al, 2023;Yang et al, 2023;Yao et al, 2023;Yu and Xu, 2023). For electrospinning and electrospraying, nanofibers and microparticles are the main products, respectively (Zhou et al, 2023c;.…”