Development of hydrogels, oleogels, and bigels as local drug delivery systems for periodontitis

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation of gum and tissues that surround and support the teeth. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used in the treatment of periodontitis to ease swelling and inflammation. One approach of treating periodontitis is loading the NSAIDs in local drug delivery systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the local delivery of the NSAIDs model drug ibuprofen to treat periodontitis using different types of gel formulations (hydrogel, oleogel, and bigel). Gel formulations were characterized in terms of their rheological properties (flow behavior, viscoelastic, and bioadhesive properties) using a controlled-stress rheometer. The in vitro drug release of ibuprofen from gel formulations was investigated using Franz diffusion cells. Gels exhibited more solid-like (elastic) behavior. The viscosity and viscoelastic properties were in the order of oleogel > bigel > hydrogel, respectively. In bioadhesion study, mucin dispersion/plain ibuprofen-hydrogel mixture showed a frequency-dependent interaction of ΔG' = -31 and ΔG' = + 53 Pa at 1 and 10 rad/s, respectively. A strong positive interaction (ΔG' = + 6000 and +130,667 Pa at 1 and 10 rad/s, respectively) was found in mucin dispersion/plain ibuprofen-oleogel mixture. The extent of the negative interaction increased in mucin dispersion/plain ibuprofen-bigel mixture (ΔG' = -59,000 and -79,375 Pa at 1 and 10 rad/s, respectively). After 6 h, ibuprofen release from hydrogel, oleogel, and bigel was 59.5 ± 2.2, 80.6 ± 3.9, and 94.6 ± 3.2%, respectively. Results showed that the rheological and bioadhesive properties and in vitro drug release were influenced by the type of gel formulations.

The Effect of Cross-linking Efficiency of Drug-Loaded Novel Freeze Gelated Chitosan Templates for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

“…The in vitro release of drug provides an accurate prediction of the release in the environment. A recent review has highlighted that the unique microarchitecture of the periodontal pocket can mimic a "sac" for gels or membranes to reside in them and act as reservoirs for drug release (49); therefore, a conventional dialysis sac was used to perform drug release investigations of the cross-linked templates. Since these FGM will exhibit a unique microarchitectural geometry, chemical, cellular/biochemical composition that needs to be tailored to trigger complex periodontal regeneration (31).…”

Evaluation of Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Ocimum basilicum L. Essential Oils-Loaded Gel Base for the Treatment of Oral Candidiasis

“…Characterization of the essential oils Generally, gel-based formulations are biocompatible and have mucoadhesive properties that enable them attach to the mucosa of the mouth thereby acting locally and preventing systemic side effect. 29 Gel bases have high water content, low surface friction, better application on mucous membranes and burnt or injured tissues. Carbopol was used to extend the resident time of the oils in the oral cavity through its cross-linked structure and water insolubility.…”

Current status and future of delivery systems for prevention and treatment of infections in the oral cavity

“…Hydrogels have found applications in dentistry for regenerative therapies to provide recovery of the function of tissues lost due to oral and dental pathologies of infection as well as traumatic and neoplastic origin [82][83][84]. Furthermore, various hydrogel formulations have been used for treatment of oral lesions and also for delivery of antimicrobials, anesthetics, and antiinflammatory drugs [85][86][87][88][89][90][91]. Our group has investigated gel formulations based on chitosan, which is a material widely investigated in dental field both for its bioactive properties such as wound healing, tissue regeneration, antimicrobial, and as a biocompatible, bioadhesive biopolymer for delivery of drugs, especially the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial molecules [84,92].…”