Development of immune responses in early pig ontogeny

Tlaskalová‐Hogenová, Helena; Mandel, L.; Trebichavský, I; Kovářů, F; Barot, R.; Šterzl, J.

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(94)90129-5

Cited by 60 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Some specific components of the intestinal microflora, especially lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, have been associated with beneficial effects for the host, such as: (1) promotion of gut maturation, (2) gut integrity, (3) antagonisms against pathogens, and (4) immune modulation (Carter and Pollard, 1971;Berg and Savage, 1975;Tlaskalova-Hogenova et al, 1980;Tlaskalova-Hogenova et al, 1983;Tlaskalova-Hogenova et al, 1994). In addition, the microflora seems to play a significant role in the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis and prevention of inflammation (Powrie, 1995).…”

Section: Modulation Of the Intestinal Microbial Community By Dietary mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the commensal gut microbial community in broiler chickens

Verstegen

Tamminga

et al. 2005

World's Poultry Science Journal

239

162

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To understand the relationship between the gastrointestinal inhabiting microbial community and broiler health, a literature review is presented. The available information on the development of gut microbial community, the relationship between commensal microflora and digestive function, the role of gut microorganisms on competitive exclusion of chickens against pathogens, and modulation of the gut microbial community by addition of prebiotics to the diet is summarized. Gut dominant microbial communities become more complex as broilers grow older. The establishment of the dominant bacterial community is affected by dietary and host-related factors. Dietary prebiotics can modulate bacterial community shift towards non-harmful bacteria, which is beneficial for the health of broiler chickens. Gut commensal microorganisms play an important role in the prevention of colonization by pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, a process known as competitive exclusion. In conclusion, the dilemma caused by the forthcoming ban of antibiotics feed additives and need to maintain the intestinal health of broiler chickens, has produced an enormous interest in finding alternatives. Modulating the intestinal microbial community in a healthy direction, by dietary ingredients such as prebiotics, could be a good solution.

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Section: Modulation Of the Intestinal Microbial Community By Dietary mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the commensal gut microbial community in broiler chickens

Verstegen

Tamminga

et al. 2005

World's Poultry Science Journal

239

162

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“…Even though the microchip had only been implanted for a maximum of 23 days including the fetal period, a chronic mild foreign body reaction enclosing the microchip was evident. This inflammatory response toward the microchip was not unexpected, as pig fetuses are known to have a relative mature and functional immune system already at midgestation, and this type of response is characteristic for foreign bodies (Anderson 1988, Tlaskalova-Hogenova et al 1994, Trebichavsky et al 1996, Rothkö tter et al 2002.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

A novel method for transuterine identification of piglets

Birck¹,

Iburg²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2008

Lab Anim

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SummaryImplantable microchips provide a secure, permanent and unique identification of individual animals. When performing fetal intervention studies in experimental animal models easy and secure identification of fetuses is desirable, as having test and control groups within the same uterus reduces the total number of animals used in a study. The aims of this study were: (1) to establish a protocol to identify porcine fetuses in utero by microchip implantation and (2) to assess postnatally whether clinical or pathological reactions to the implant occurred. Two Danish Landrace/Danish Large White crossbred sows at day 100 of gestation were used. The sows were sedated with azaperone and induced with propofol intravenously. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and oxygen. Antibiotics were administered intramuscularly (i.m.) at induction and analgesia was given pre-, intra-and postoperatively. A laparotomy was performed and the uterus exteriorized. The rump of the first fetus was recognized through the uterine wall and the thigh muscle of the fetus was fixed between the thumb and the forefinger. The microchip was then implanted into the fetus at an angle of 458 i.m. in the lateral hindleg using an insertion device with a 12G needle. The same procedure was done in every fetus. The uterus was returned to the abdomen and the abdominal wall closed. The sows gave birth to 24 liveborn piglets and one stillborn. None of the liveborn piglets were limping at the time of birth and no visible cutaneous or palpable reactions on the hindlegs were observed. Following euthanasia, the microchip was easily localized and no macroscopic reactions at the implantation site were seen. None of the piglets had more than one microchip implanted. Histology showed a chronic mild foreign body granulomatous inflammatory response with peripheral eosinophils surrounding the microchip. No inflammation was evident in the adjacent muscles. It is concluded that transuterine identification of piglets two weeks before delivery is feasible using a microchip implant as an effective, easy and reliable method for identification of individuals after birth.

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“…Swines are not natural hosts for HBV, and there is no passive transplacental transfer of IgG in pigs. 21 These two facts together guarantee the absence of natural active or passive immunization of the fetuses. However, even if this animal model does not allow viral challenge, antibody levels may provide an acceptable validation of the vaccine efficacy.…”

Section: Experimental Design Of Anti-hbv Dna Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We choose pigs as an animal model to study fetuses whose dimensions resemble that of humans, in relatively large numbers per pregnancy, because a parallel exists between the development of muscle 19,20 and immune system 21 in man and pig ( Figure 1a). The gestation period of the sow is approximately 11473 days.…”

Section: Experimental Design Of Anti-hbv Dna Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%