Development of Indirect Competitive ELISA and Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Endosulfan Detection Based on a Monoclonal Antibody

Abstract

Endosulfan, as an effective broad-spectrum insecticide, has been banned in agricultural areas because of the potential harmful effects on human health. This study aimed to develop an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and colloidal gold immunochromatographic (ICA) strip based on a prepared monoclonal antibody (mAb) for quantitative and qualitative detection of endosulfan. A new mAb with high sensitivity and affinity was designed and screened. The ic-ELISA showed a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) value of 5.16 ng/mL for endosulfan. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 1.14 ng/mL. The average recoveries of endosulfan in spiked pear and apple samples ranged from 91.48–113.45% and 92.39–106.12% with an average coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 7%, respectively. The analysis of colloidal gold ICA strip could be completed within 15 min by naked eye and the visual limit of detection (vLOD) was both 40 ng/mL in pear and apple samples. In conclusion, both developed immunological methods were suitable and reliable for the on-site detection of endosulfan in real samples at trace levels.

A Concise Review of The Role of Nanotechnology, Nanoparticles and Nanomedicine Play in The Diagnostics, Vaccination and Treatment Options For COVID-19

“…These include colorimetric assays made using nanoparticles, new optical sensors, nano immune-sensors for COVID-19, novel immune-chromatographic assays, aptamer based COVID-19 assays as well as bio-barcode assays [3]. Some of the nanotechnology, nanoparticles and nanomedicine based other applications as well as uses of in COVID-19 diagnostics and detection are presented in (see Figure 5 and 6 below) (see Table 1 below) [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

“…11,15,18,[33][34][35][36][37][38] Nanotechnology, nanoparticles and nanomedicine based COVID-19 treatment options being developed currently. Natural polymers like chitosan, dextran, alginates, hyaluronic acid albumin, gelatin, and collagen have antiviral characteristics.-Synthetic polymers including polyethylene glycol, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide copolymer, Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly-1-glutamic acid, polystyrene maleic anhydride copolymer found use in nano-drug delivery systems.…”