Development of inhaled COVID-19 vaccine and its benefits

Abstract

The vaccine is the most effective and economical method to prevent the spread and death caused by COVID-19. However, with the rapid mutation of spike protein on the COVID-19 virus surface, the current vaccine is left behind with a reduced immune response. One alternative vaccine development is inhaled vaccine, which provides stronger protection specific to airway infections. This paper reviews and summarises the current progression of inhaled vaccines, including their ability to trigger localized strong protection against multiple viruses injected in humans via mucous membranes. The effectiveness of inhaled vaccine will be analyzed in its training on B cell and T cells, and how it reacts to virus variants. The result and conclusion are derived from journal research of scientific articles on inhaled vaccines in recent years. According to the research now, the inhaled vaccine is verified to have the ability to trigger more specific immune protection in airways and lungs, and also react to multiple variants of the COVID-19 virus including the now lately Omicron. The achievement of the inhaled vaccine may not apply to the COVID-19 virus under control, but it offers a ground-breaking foundation for next-generation vaccines and a further understanding of human immunity.