Development of intuitions about support beyond infancy.

Krist, Horst

doi:10.1037/a0018040

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Similar paradoxical discrepancies have been shown in other domains (e.g., Keen, 2003;Krist, 2010) and further research is needed to determine which factors affect task performance early in life.…”

Section: Running Head: Mental Rotation In 3-to 5-year-olds 20mentioning

confidence: 74%

Development of mental rotation in 3- to 5-year-old children

Frick

Hansen

Newcombe

2013

Cognitive Development

138

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Section: Running Head: Mental Rotation In 3-to 5-year-olds 20mentioning

confidence: 74%

Development of mental rotation in 3- to 5-year-old children

Frick

Hansen

Newcombe

2013

Cognitive Development

138

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“…Spelke and colleagues [45] showed that infants as young as 2½ months have a sense of solidity and continuity, and respond with prolonged looking if a solid object passes through or jumps over an obstacle. However, contrasting findings pointed to a surprising lack of such knowledge in 2-and 3-year-olds (e.g., [46][47][48]). …”

Section: Intuitive Physicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Development of mental transformation abilities

Frick

Möhring

Newcombe

2014

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

129

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Mental representation and transformation of spatial information is often examined with mental rotation tasks, which require deciding whether a rotated image is the same or the mirror version of an upright image. Recent research with infants shows early discrimination of objects from mirror image versions. However, even at age 4, many children perform near chance level on more standard measures. Similar age discrepancies can be observed in other domains, including perspective taking, theory of mind, and intuitive physics. These paradoxical results raise the questions of how performance relates to competence, and how to conceptualize developmental change.There may be a common underlying mechanism: the development of the ability to imagine things and mentally transform them in a prospective fashion. Keywords: cognitive development, mental rotation, theory of mind, intuitive physics, perspective taking, simulationRunning head: DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL TRANSFORMATION ABILITIES 3 One of the most impressive skills of the human species is an ability to represent and mentally transform the shapes of objects. People can generate mental images of twodimensional shapes or three-dimensional objects, and can transform them in various ways, e.g., rotating, bending, or folding them [1]. Such flexible representations are vital for making predictions regarding the positions of moving objects, for example to avoid collisions when crossing a street. They also allow for anticipating the effects of actions when manipulating objects or using tools. Furthermore, the ability to perform mental spatial transformations predicts number and math skills [2,3]. Thus, determining the origins and development of mental transformations is a central and topical problem in cognitive science, with translational implications for intervention. However, research on this issue has led to paradoxical findings, with infants showing remarkable abilities but young children failing on seemingly similar tasks. In the present article we put these contrasting results in context with similar findings in other domains, and suggest an underlying mechanism. Age Discrepancies in Mental TransformationMuch of the previous research on mental transformation has focused on a specific kind of spatial transformation, termed mental rotation (MR), which refers to imagining a rotational movement of an object (or array of objects) in 2-or 3-dimensional space. In a classic MR task [4], participants must decide whether a rotated image is the same as a comparison image, or its mirror image. In developmental research, this paradigm has been adapted for the use with children and even infants, with oddly contrasting results. Studies with Preschoolers and Young ChildrenRunning head: DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL TRANSFORMATION ABILITIES 4 Although Marmor [5,6] found that 4-to 5-year-olds were able to perform MR, there has been controversy about her conclusions [7]. A follow-up study employing the same procedure with different stimuli failed to replicate Marmor's results [8]. Other studie...

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“…Apparently, there seems to be quite a rift between competent infants and seemingly less competent older children (cf. Keen, ; Krist, ). The aim of the present research was to reduce this gap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogue Mental Transformations in 3-Year-Olds: Introducing a New Mental Rotation Paradigm Suitable for Young Children

et al. 2013

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Until now, a successful application of the mental rotation paradigm was restricted to children 5 years or older. By contrast, recent findings suggest that even infants can perform mental rotation. Unlike the methods used in infant studies (looking time), our new research paradigm allows for the measurement and interpretation of reaction times. Kindergartners (aged 3–6 years) were presented with a stimulus configuration on a touchscreen and asked to bring a rotated stimulus into an upright position using the shortest path. Mean reaction time (RT) increased linearly with angular disparity. The ensuing linear trend was significant not only for the entire sample but also for the youngest age group analysed separately. To exclude the possibility that linearity was due to movement planning, 3‐year‐olds had to manually rotate a stimulus about the same trajectory without the need for a corresponding mental transformation in a second experiment. Here, no linear trend was observed. These results are interpreted as evidence for an analogue mental transformation in 3‐year‐olds, equal to the transformation processes in older children's and adults' mental rotation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Development of intuitions about support beyond infancy.

Cited by 19 publications

References 57 publications

Development of mental rotation in 3- to 5-year-old children

Development of mental rotation in 3- to 5-year-old children

Development of mental transformation abilities

Analogue Mental Transformations in 3-Year-Olds: Introducing a New Mental Rotation Paradigm Suitable for Young Children

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