Development of joining methods for highly filled graphite/PP composite based bipolar plates for fuel cells: Adhesive joining and welding

Rzeczkowski, Piotr; Lucia, Martin; Müller, Anett; Facklam, Martin; Cohnen, Andreas; Schäfer, Philipp; Hopmann, Christian; Hickmann, Thorsten; Pötschke, Petra; Krause, Beate

doi:10.1063/1.5121678

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These results are very close to the previous work [23], where very similar values of surface tensions and their polar parts were measured for PP/EPDM-based composites filled with three different types of graphite (65 wt % or 80 wt %).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Both strengths of adhesively joined carbon fiber/epoxy composites were below 1 MPa and were lower than those of joined polymer membranes. In reference [23], surface tensions of highly filled PP/EPDM/graphite composites were investigated, with a significant increase in surface tension with high filler content in composites (51.3 mN/m for PP/EPDM + 80 wt % of graphite) compared to neat PP (29.8 mN/m). The plasma treatment of the surface resulted in a significantly higher surface polarity of the graphite composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Highly Filled PP/Graphite Composites for Adhesive Joining in Fuel Cell Applications

2019

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In order to evaluate the suitability of graphite composite materials for use as bipolar plates in fuel cells, polypropylene (PP) was melt compounded with expanded graphite as conductive filler to form composites with different filler contents of 10–80 wt %. Electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties were measured and evaluated as a function of filler content. The electrical and thermal conductivities increased with filler content. Tensile and flexural strengths decreased with the incorporation of expanded graphite in PP. With higher graphite contents, however, both strength values remained more or less unchanged and were below the values of pure PP. Young’s-modulus and flexural modulus increased almost linearly with increasing filler content. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the actual filler content in the composite materials. In order to evaluate the wettability and suitability for adhesive joining of graphite composites, contact angle measurements were conducted and surface tensions of composite surfaces were calculated. The results showed a significant increase in the surface tension of graphite composites with increasing filler content. Furthermore, graphite composites were adhesively joined and the strength of the joints was evaluated in the lap-shear test. Increasing filler content in the substrate material resulted in higher tensile lap-shear strength. Additionally, the influence of surface treatment (plasma and chemical) on surface tension and tensile lap-shear strength was investigated. The surface treatment led to a significant improvement of both properties.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Highly Filled PP/Graphite Composites for Adhesive Joining in Fuel Cell Applications

2019

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“…Furthermore, cooling of parts before being removed from the mold to achieve adequate mechanical strength, increases production cycle of a single component. Thermoplastics that have been reported in literature for development of composite BPs include PE [101], PP [102], PPS [103], PVDF [104, 105], and poly(ether–ether–ketone) (PEEK) [106]. Figure 8 shows a classification pyramid for common thermoplastics.…”

Section: Relationship Between Formulation Processing and Properties O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing methods for conductive polymer composite bipolar plates: Effect on plate quality and performance

2023

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Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have been identified as viable replacements for graphite and metals for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) bipolar plates (BPs). One important factor, apart from composite formulation, that affects the quality and properties of CPC BPs is the processing route. Therefore, understanding the possible processing methods for different matrix-filler combinations and their effects on the quality and properties of the plates can help in controlling and improving the final performance of BPs. This paper reviews the blending and molding techniques for CPC BPs, with a focus on relationship between formulation and processing method. The effects of processing route and conditions on microstructural features of CPC BPs, which affect the performance of the plates are also discussed. Finally, directions for further studies with potential to advance the development of quality and high-performance CPC BPs are highlighted. Identified key areas for further research include control of filler orientation to improve through-plane conductivity, correlation between processing parameters and dimensional accuracy of molded plates, and additive manufacturing of composite BPs.

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“…Among the carbon fillers used for development of CPCs, graphite has often been the material of choice for filling PP and HDPE due to its relatively low cost, chemical stability, and high intrinsic electrical conductivity [11][12][13]. However, polypropylene/graphite (PP/G) and polyethylene/graphite (PE/G) composites have been reported to exhibit low electrical conductivities [12,[14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Conductive Polymer Composite Based on Graphite-Filled Immiscible Polyolefin/Epoxy Blends

Alo

Otunniyi

2022

KEM

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Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) based on polypropylene (PP)/epoxy (EP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/EP blends filled with synthetic graphite (SG) were produced and characterized to explore their potential for high electrical conductivity applications. The polymer blends were chosen as matrices due to their immiscibility and potential to enable co-continuous morphology formation and preferential distribution of filler, which allows formation of maximized conducting networks. In-plane and through-plane resistivities of PP/EP/SG composites decreased from 0.083 Ω.cm to 0.015 Ω.cm and 10.16 Ω.cm to 0.31 Ω.cm, respectively, while for HDPE/EP/SG composites, in-plane and through-plane resistivities decreased from 0.086 Ω.cm to 0.014 Ω.cm and 5.02 Ω.cm to 0.24 Ω.cm, respectively, when SG content was increased from 30 to 80 wt%. The immiscible blend-based composites produced in this study have the potential to achieve significantly higher conductivity than filled single polymers due to concentration of filler in one of the polymer phases and the co-continuous structure of the blends. Also, resistivity anisotropy of the PP/EP/SG and HDPE/EP/SG composites generally decreased with increase in SG content, with HDPE/EP/SG composites showing lower resistivity anisotropy than PP/EP/SG composites at the same SG content.

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Development of joining methods for highly filled graphite/PP composite based bipolar plates for fuel cells: Adhesive joining and welding

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Characterization of Highly Filled PP/Graphite Composites for Adhesive Joining in Fuel Cell Applications

Characterization of Highly Filled PP/Graphite Composites for Adhesive Joining in Fuel Cell Applications

Processing methods for conductive polymer composite bipolar plates: Effect on plate quality and performance

Highly Conductive Polymer Composite Based on Graphite-Filled Immiscible Polyolefin/Epoxy Blends

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