“…IoT system continuously maintains connectivity to the internet network so that connected sensors or components can be monitored and controlled remotely (Panduardi et al, 2016) (Wardana et al, 2023). This technology is growing popular and attracts more research focus nowadays, such as in agriculture (Atmaja et al, 2021) (Prasetia et al, 2021) (Rahmatullah et al, 2023), animal cage control and monitoring (Farahiyah & Purnama, 2021), inventory systems (Wicaksono et al, 2021), vital human signs (Shahadi et al, 2021), monitoring system (Purnomo et al, 2021) (Wicaksono & Rahmatya, 2022), mobile security vehicles (Husni et al, 2021) and food (Riadi & Syaefudin, 2021).…”