Development of Land‐River Two‐Way Hydrologic Coupling for Floodplain Inundation in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model

Abstract

between river and land. Specifically, periodic flooding replenishes the soil on the floodplain, provides nutrients for vegetation, and creates habitats for animals. In the coastal areas, flooding in tidal rivers can add saline water to the floodplain and regional groundwater due to the seawater and freshwater interactions (Yabusaki et al., 2020). Two-way coupling of land and river components in Earth System Models (ESMs) is necessary to accurately simulate the impacts of floodplain inundation on water and biogeochemical cycles. Simple macroscale inundation schemes have been coupled to global river routing models to simulate floodplain inundation dynamics (

Climate change reduces wetland size and shifts its seasonal regime in North America

“…Uncertainties in projecting wetland changes may come from different sources. First, the separation of wetland dynamics into pluvial inundation and fluvial inundation can be affected by the bias of inundation scheme of river component 47 , which requires calibration. However, previous studies demonstrated that the macro inundation scheme in the river component of E3SM captures floodplain inundation magnitudes quite well 29,30,31 .…”

“…1e), while fluvial inundation is only significant over the central US along the Mississippi river. However, a time-invariant wetland area is routinely removed from satellite observed surface water to derive fluvial inundation 31,46,47 , which can bias the fluvial inundation benchmark datasets. Overall, including pluvial inundation is crucial for understanding wetland dynamics.…”

An Unstructured Mesh Generation Tool for Efficient High‐Resolution Representation of Spatial Heterogeneity in Land Surface Models

“…Our two‐way coupling scheme is similar to the approach described by Xu et al. (2022). The CaMa‐Flood sends the fraction and volume of inundated water data to CoLM, which then simulates the evaporation from the inundated areas and the infiltration of the floodwater into the soil.…”

Geographically aware estimates of remotely sensed water properties for Chesapeake Bay

“…Applications, such as these often turn to gridded alternatives to direct observations, such as output from directly observing satellite-based sensors 7 or operational now/fore-casting products 8 . Unfortunately, these too are of limited use for applications, such as validation of next-generation Earth systems models (ESMs, 9 , 10 ), where the temporal availability of operational forecasting products is too short (<1 year) and the spatial resolution of directly observing satellite-based sensors is too coarse (>30 km2). There is a strong need in particular for satellite-based products to validate recently developed biogeochemical modules of the E3SM ESM that aims to represent thermal, sediment, salinity, and nutrient exchanges between rivers and the land on a global basis 10 …”

“…There is a strong need in particular for satellite-based products to validate recently developed biogeochemical modules of the E3SM ESM that aims to represent thermal, sediment, salinity, and nutrient exchanges between rivers and the land on a global basis. 10 To address this validation data gap, we developed a data-driven model to produce highresolution (<1 km 2 ) estimates of temperature, salinity, and turbidity at daily time-steps (over decadal time scales) as required by next-generation ESMs. The primary input to our model is remote sensing reflectance data.…”