Abstract. Removing waste out of water surface is a routine task and can be operated by using autonomous surface cleaning robots. This paper presents amethodoflaser-based floating waste detection for surface robot guidance when waste positions are unknown beforehand. Basing on concept of refraction and reflection of laser ray, the proposed laser-based technique is proven to be applicable on floating waste detection. The economic waste detector is constructed and mounted on the robot. Five DOF equations of motion are formulated for calculation of waste position incorporating distance measured by the laser and also the robot motion caused by external wind force as well as water surface tension. Experiments were conducted on a pond with calm water and results show that the presented economic waste detection successfully identify and locate position of plastic bottles floating on water surface within the range of 5 meters.
IntroducionIn developing countries, accumulation of floating waste such as plastic scraps, foam scraps or tree leaves on city canals or ponds can block water drainage and also cause pollutions. Cleaning water surface is therefore an essential routine task.Surface cleaning robots on lake, pond, or reservoirs gained interests from researchers and issues were addressed such as motion control and autonomous driving. Motion of the robot was represented by hydrodynamic model and maneuver ability performance was predictable [1]. The asymptotic stabilizaion control was also theoretically validated for motion control of the surface robot [2]. As for autonomous driving, bank following algorithm with obstacle avoidance was implemented by using ultrasonic sensors [3]. Later, a low cost robot structure design was presented and simulation of multi robot system for lake cleaning was proposed [4]. The strategy of waste removal in a large area was presented whereas waste is assumed to be randomly distributed but waste position is known. On the other hand, the problem of waste detectionwhen waste position is unknown had not yet been investigated.Laser range finder showed high performance on ocean navigation of unmanned surface vehicles. LIDAR was utilized for obstacle detection and avoidance of obstacle above ocean level for autonomous driving [5][6].The laser scanner is also used for 3D surface reconstruction in which both below and above water level structure were scanned [7].Along with the performance, cost of the laser scanner is high.This work presents a method for identifying and locating waste floating on calm water surface by using a low cost laser system before the cleaning robot starts navigation. A Pan-Tilt laser unit is utilized as a waste detector heading into water surface and scanning for floating waste. When the waste detector is mounted on the robot floating on water surface, external wind force causes three dimensional rotations. Accordingly, waste position can be obtained from five degree of freedom equations of motion. This paper is organized as follows: In section 2, the Floating Waste Removal R...