Development of lightweight carbon-fiber mirrors for the RICH 1 detector of LHCb

Barber, G.; Braem, A.; Brook, N. H.; Cameron, W.; D’Ambrosio, C.; Harnew, N.; Imong, J.; Lessnoff, K.; Martin, Robert N.; Metlica, F.; Romeo, Robert C.; Websdale, D.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2008.05.050

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although solar concentrators can reduce solar energy costs and improve efficiencies, their weight and size therefore often limits their deployment 3 4 . Current solar concentrators vary widely in design and even the simple polishing of metal can result in a reflective mirror finish but such polished surfaces are very heavy and specific curved shapes are difficult and therefore expensive to manufacture 5 6 . Reflective film adhered to plastic mirrors is a second option but this setup often has low reflectivity when applied to complex surfaces 6 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Polymer mirror films are a more recent third method to gain reflectance values of >90% but require specially designed structures to gain the appropriate shapes for a given application 7 8 . Vacuum metalizing is therefore the current best option but this process is highly dependent on the material and surface quality it is bonded with in order to ensure a high quality mirror finish 5 9 . Given the limitations of all existing systems, further study into possible lightweight reflective materials and structures is important.…”

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confidence: 99%

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White butterflies as solar photovoltaic concentrators

Shanks

ffrench‐Constant

Mallick

2015

Sci Rep

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Man’s harvesting of photovoltaic energy requires the deployment of extensive arrays of solar panels. To improve both the gathering of thermal and photovoltaic energy from the sun we have examined the concept of biomimicry in white butterflies of the family Pieridae. We tested the hypothesis that the V-shaped posture of basking white butterflies mimics the V-trough concentrator which is designed to increase solar input to photovoltaic cells. These solar concentrators improve harvesting efficiency but are both heavy and bulky, severely limiting their deployment. Here, we show that the attachment of butterfly wings to a solar cell increases its output power by 42.3%, proving that the wings are indeed highly reflective. Importantly, and relative to current concentrators, the wings improve the power to weight ratio of the overall structure 17-fold, vastly expanding their potential application. Moreover, a single mono-layer of scale cells removed from the butterflies’ wings maintained this high reflectivity showing that a single layer of scale cell-like structures can also form a useful coating. As predicted, the wings increased the temperature of the butterflies’ thorax dramatically, showing that the V-shaped basking posture of white butterflies has indeed evolved to increase the temperature of their flight muscles prior to take-off.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

White butterflies as solar photovoltaic concentrators

Shanks

ffrench‐Constant

Mallick

2015

Sci Rep

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“…They were produced by the Composite Mirror Applications company [9], and are made of two layers of carbon fiber glued on a honeycomb core of small carbon-fiber cylinders. The areal weight of these mirrors is ≈5 kg/m 2 , with an improvement of about 10% with respect to the mirrors produced by the same company for the LHCb experiment [10]. Each mirror is positioned on a light carbon frame by means of three special joints equipped with a spring and a precision screw that allowed their relative alignment.…”

Section: The Spherical Mirrorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CLAS12 Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector

Contalbrigo

Kubarovsky

Mirazita

et al. 2020

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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A Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector has been installed in the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) to provide kaon identification in the momentum range between 3 and 8 GeV. The detector adopts a hybrid optics solution with aerogel radiator, light planar and spherical mirrors, and highly segmented photon detectors. We report here on the design, construction, and initial performance of the RICH during the commissioning of the detector and the first physics data taking period.

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“…One form applies a sandwich structure with carbon fiber material as the top and bottom panel and honeycomb material as the intermediate support [14,16,17]. The other form uses all carbon fiber not only as the top and bottom but also as the intermediate support [11][12][13]18]. Compared with the 1th form, the 2nd form has better thermal suitability and higher stiffness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and optimization of the CFRP mirror components

2017

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As carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) material has been developed and demonstrated as an effective material in lightweight telescope reflector manufacturing recently, the authors of this article have extended to apply this material on the lightweight space camera mirror design and fabrication. By CFRP composite laminate design and optimization using finite element method (FEM) analysis, a spherical mirror with 316 mm diameter whose core cell reinforcement is an isogrid configuration is fabricated. Compared with traditional ways of applying ultra-low-expansion glass (ULE) on the CFRP mirror surface, the method of nickel electroplating on the surface effectively reduces the processing cost and difficulty of the CFRP mirror. Through the FEM analysis, the first order resonance frequency of the CFRP mirror components reaches up to 652.3 Hz. Under gravity affection coupling with +5℃ temperature rising, the mirror surface shape root-mean-square values (RMS) at the optical axis horizontal state is 5.74 nm, which meets mechanical and optical requirements of the mirror components on space camera.

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Development of lightweight carbon-fiber mirrors for the RICH 1 detector of LHCb

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

White butterflies as solar photovoltaic concentrators

White butterflies as solar photovoltaic concentrators

The CLAS12 Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector

Design and optimization of the CFRP mirror components

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