Development of lithium/metal sulfide batteries at Argonne National Laboratory: summary report for 1977. [Li--Al or Li--Si anode; FeS, FeS/sub 2/, or NiS/sub 2/ cathode]

Nelson, P.A.; Steunenberg, R.K.; Chilenskas, A. A.; Battles, J. E.; Hornstra, F.; Miller, William E.; Roche, M. F.; Shimotake, H.

doi:10.2172/5156759

Cited by 5 publications

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“…The experimental method used was an electrochemical titration based on the following reaction Li2S + FeC12--> FeS ($) + 2LiC1 [1] During our experimental study, we found that the above reaction is not the only chemical reaction occurring in the solution. More complex sulfide phases (designated as J and X phases) were formed identical to those identified in engineering-scale cells (2,3).…”

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confidence: 90%

“…More complex sulfide phases (designated as J and X phases) were formed identical to those identified in engineering-scale cells (2,3). In the first, reaction [1] is supposed to occur with no solid solutions involving FeS. The solubility product of FeS in the molten LiC1-KC1 eutectic is evaluated from the electromotive force measurements (emf) under two different assumptions.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the development and testing of high temperature batteries utilizing iron disulfide (FeS2) as electrodes and the molten LiC1-KC1 eutectic as the electrolyte, some problems have been encountered in cells that have been subjected to extensive charging and discharging cycles (1), namely, lithium sulfide (Li2S) and iron particles are deposited in the separator, which may lead to a loss of performance or even to cell failure. The mechanism of the formation of the deposits is not yet well understood; one of the hypotheses relates this effect to chemical transport through dissolution in the electrolyte.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The solubility product of FeS in the molten LiC1-KC1 eutectic is evaluated from the electromotive force measurements (emf) under two different assumptions. In the first, reaction [1] is supposed to occur with no solid solutions involving FeS.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Solubility Products of Metal Sulfides in Molten Salts: Measurements and Calculations for Iron Sulfide in the Eutectic Composition

Saboungi

Marr

Blander

1978

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An electrochemical titration technique is used to determine the solubilities of Li2S and the solubility products of FeS in the molten LiCI-KCI eutectic composition in the temperature range from 673 ~ to 773~ The solubility products of FeS are, on an ion fraction basis, Ksp = 0.44 • i0 -I~, 2.3 • 10 -12, and 1.3 • 10 -11 at 673 ~ 723 ~ and 773~ respectively. These values are in good agreement with values calculated a priori from an exact thermodynamic cycle; at 723~ we deduce a value of --38.36 kcal mole -I (or --160.5{) kJ mole -I) for RT In Ksp, as compared with an experimentally derived ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 134.129.120.3 Downloaded on 2015-05-31 to IP

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confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Solubility Products of Metal Sulfides in Molten Salts: Measurements and Calculations for Iron Sulfide in the Eutectic Composition

Saboungi

Marr

Blander

1978

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…However, it does not appear that the cost goal of $22/m 2 can be achieved with this material. Also, the fabric weave presently attainable is not tight enough to prevent penetration of the separator by the active powders in the electrodes (5). The latter problem has led to the use of a layer of ZrO2 fabric which has a much tighter weave over the faces of the electrodes to aid in particle retention.…”

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Evaluation of Porous Paper and Felt Ceramics for Electrode Separators in High Temperature Li ‐ Al / LiCl ‐ KCl / FeS x Cells

Mathers

Olszanski

Battles

1977

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Porous papers and felts fabricated from BN and Y20~ fibers have been evaluated as electrode separators for Li-A1/LiC1-KC1/FeSx cells. The physical and mechanical properties were determined, and in-cell tests exceeding 1000 hr were conducted. The papers and felts had adequate strength and flexibility for cell assembly and performed well during cell testing. Results from the property measurements are presented and the performance of these materials in the cell tests is discussed.High temperature, molten salt Li-A1/LiC1-KC1/FeSx (x ~ 1 or 2) cells are being developed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for electric vehicle propulsion and for energy storage on electric utility systems (1). One of the requirements for the successful development of cells for commercial applications is the identification of a low cost, porous electrode separator. The primary function of the electrode separator is to prevent direct electron flow between the electrodes without unduly restricting ionic flow through the electrolyte. In addition, separators for Li-A1/LiC1-KC1/ FeSx cells must retain the Li-A1 and FeSx active materials within the electrodes. This requirement is significant because the Li-A1 and FeSx are in the form of powders, and penetration of the separator by these fine particles may lead to a loss in cell capacity or electrical short circuits between the electrodes. The optimum structure and properties desired in the electrode separator have not been fully determined; however, the following general requirements must be satisfied: (i) The separator must be a good electrical insulator to prevent direct electron flow between the electrodes.(ii) It should be <2 mm thick to permit close electrode spacing, and it must contain a large volume of open porosity, probably >50%. These factors minimize the cell weight and the resistance to ionic flow between the electrodes. (iii) The pore channels should be <20 ~m diam to prevent penetration of the separator by the active powders in the electrodes. (iv) The separator must be chemically stable in the cell environment at the operating temperature (about 450~(v) The meChanical strength and flexibility must be sufficient to allow easy cell assembly, and to withstand the forces exerted on the separator by the volume changes which occur in the electrodes during cycling. (vi) The separator must have a potential cost of <$22/m 2 if the cost goals for a commercial cell are to be achieved.A flexible, fibrous ceramic appears to have the greatest potential for satisfying these requirements. At present, interest is centered on two ceramics, BN and Y203; both of these have proved to be compatible with the cell environment and are available in the form of fibers * Electrochemical Society Active Member. Key words: electrode separator, boron nitride, yttrium oxide, molten salt cell.(2). Boron nitride fabric is currently being used as a separator material, and engineering test cells with BN separators have been operated for periods up to 7800 hr (1, 3, 4). However, it does not appear that the cost goa...

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Lithium-Aluminum/Iron Sulfide Batteries

Vissers¹

1980

Materials for Advanced Batteries

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Development of lithium/metal sulfide batteries at Argonne National Laboratory: summary report for 1977. [Li--Al or Li--Si anode; FeS, FeS/sub 2/, or NiS/sub 2/ cathode]

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Solubility Products of Metal Sulfides in Molten Salts: Measurements and Calculations for Iron Sulfide in the Eutectic Composition

Solubility Products of Metal Sulfides in Molten Salts: Measurements and Calculations for Iron Sulfide in the Eutectic Composition

Evaluation of Porous Paper and Felt Ceramics for Electrode Separators in High Temperature Li ‐ Al / LiCl ‐ KCl / FeS x Cells

Lithium-Aluminum/Iron Sulfide Batteries

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