Development of lymphatic vasculature and morphological characterization in rat kidney

Abstract

During nephrogenesis, lymphatic vessels extend from the renal hilus into the renal cortex along the renal blood vasculature. Podoplanin, prox-1, Ki-67, type IV collagen, and αSMA immunostaining can detect lymphatic vessels during lymphangiogenesis.

Refuting the hypothesis that semaphorin‐3f/neuropilin‐2 exclude blood vessels from the cap mesenchyme in the developing kidney

“…7A-B). In agreement with previous studies (Tanabe et al, 2012), renal Nrp2 þ lymphatic vessels extend along the segmental vasculature from the renal pelvis (Fig. 7C).…”

Lymphangiogenesis in renal diseases: passive bystander or active participant?

“…Later studies taking advantage of more specific markers such as podoplanin, LYVE-1, Prox-1 and VEGFR-3 confirmed the previous findings on the distribution of renal lymphatics ( Refs 19,20,21,22). D2-40, a monoclonal antibody which recognises human podoplanin, validated the pattern of human renal LVs that had been uncovered by previous investigations (Refs 23,24,25).…”

“…There are no LVs at that point around the arcuate arteries and in the cortical area. However, one day after birth, several small LVs can be observed around 20,21). Two lymphatic systems have been observed in human kidneys.…”

Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling is necessary for expansion of medullary microvessels during postnatal kidney development

“…However, Tammela et al (49) observed VEGFR3 in tip cells of endothelial sprouts mediating sprouting of blood vessels. Medullary lymphatic vessels have not been detected during kidney development (50), and consistent with this, we observed no expression of VEGFR3 in total renal medulla or vasa recta during vascular bundle expansion. VEGFR3 inhibition therefore seems an unlikely contributor to the observed effect on microvessel expansion and impaired VEGFR2 is believed to be the main contributor.…”