The intelligence of ultra-precision machining processes has become a research focus in the field of precision and ultra-precision manufacturing. Scholars have conducted some fragmented studies on the intelligence of ultra-precision machining processes; however, a systematic review and summary of the intelligent systems and architectures for such processes are still lacking. Therefore, this paper is devoted to reviewing the intelligent systems and architectures for ultra-precision machining processes, focusing on three aspects: machining environment monitoring, cutting process analysis, and intelligent machining system frameworks. The paper first provides an overview of environmental intelligence monitoring from the perspective of the machining environment and then discusses and summarizes monitoring processes, such as tool errors, tool wear, tool setting, and surface measurement, from the perspective of machining process analysis. The intelligent machining system framework is then analyzed and summarized from the perspective of process control. Finally, the paper outlines the overall framework of the intelligent system for ultra-precision machining processes and analyzes its components. This paper provides guidance for the development of intelligent systems in ultra-precision machining processes.