Development of Marble Dust/Waste PET Based Polymer Composite Material for Environmental Sustainability: Fabrication and Characterizations

Abstract

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is available at a very low cost compared to the conventional methods of disposal. The reason for using marble dust is that it has good mechanical properties, and it is also a nonflammable compound. To develop the biocomposite, PET was allowed to mix with marble dust in a screwed extruder, and then its mechanical and physical properties were examined. Results indicate that the highest value of tensile strength was 14.5 MPa found at 15 wt. % of marble dust; the highest value of hardness was 31.45 HV at a wt. % of 17.5 % of marble dust; the highest ductility (percent elongation) was 2.2 at 0 wt. % of marble dust; and the highest value of compressive strength was 72.32 MPa at a wt. % of 17.5 % of marble dust. Because of its excellent mechanical and thermal properties, the addition of marble dust enhances the mechanical properties of the developed biocomposite significantly compared to the base material. The water absorption test, soil degradation test, and acid corrosion test of developed biocomposite has also been observed to identify the effect of marble dust in PET. In the current study, an attempt has been made to produce a composite material by utilizing waste PET as a matrix and marble dust as a reinforcement. The main reason for utilizing these wastes is to minimize the pollution that is caused by these agents.

Effect of Marble Dust on the Mechanical, Morphological, and Wear Performance of Basalt Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Structural Applications

“…We observed that the size of WMP particles differs and varies as per the range stated earlier. This distribution was also observed to be almost homogeneous to comply with the mixing phenomena that was performed during the fabrication [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

“…The increase in the flexural strength was because of the shear behaviour WMP provided in the composite. Upon loading the specimen, the particles of WMP deformed in the lateral direction and transferred the shear forces to the basalt fibre, which led to more considerable deformation in the lateral direction, which consequently increased the load applied and delayed the time of fracture [ 4 , 5 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ].…”

“…This happened due to the high load bearing capability of both basalt and WMP. WMP acted as a connecting chain between the basalt fibre and epoxy resin promoting transfer of stress, which led to high deformation before fracture [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. Moreover, large amount of dislocation formation due to the inclusion of WMP in the composite resulted in higher energy absorption.…”

“…At the initial stage i.e., at 10 N, the specific wear was minimal; however, as the load increased, the composite material was forced against the steel disc giving rise to friction between the mating surfaces and ultimately led to heat generation. This caused melting of the resin, deformation, breaking of fibres, and disintegration of WMP [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Impact of Process Variables of Acetone Vapor Jet Drilling on Surface Roughness and Circularity of 3D-Printed ABS Parts: Fabrication and Studies on Thermal, Morphological, and Chemical Characterizations

“…There are several minified curves at around 3000 cm −1 to 2800 cm −1 . This minified broad spectrum is also a part of the –OH groups bond in the material [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. The other functional group present in the ABS material after the treatment with acetone was the aromatic compounds bond, as we can see peaks of the curves at around 1600 cm −1 to 1400 cm −1 .…”