Development of meniscus‐inspired 3D‐printed PCL scaffolds engineered with chitosan/extracellular matrix hydrogel

Abstract

Meniscus injuries, usually caused by tears or degenerative processes, impair normal knee function and lead to advanced osteoarthritis. Therefore, with the aim of restoring the normal meniscus function, replacement strategies based on tissue engineering strategies have gained prominence alongside other therapeutic endeavors. Regarding

Biomimetic surface modification of Three-dimensional printed Polylactic acid scaffolds with custom mechanical properties for bone reconstruction

“…According to our previous study, 20 the scaffolds were immersed in the coating solution (5% collagen (Fish Collagen Powder, Collagino pharmacy, France) and 5% BCP in DDW (Double Distilled Water)) for 10 s, removed, and placed in a jar connected to an air suction pump, to allow the coating solution penetrates the scaffold pores. Obtained samples were finally dried at 40°C for further use.…”

Current advances in engineering meniscal tissues: insights into 3D printing, injectable hydrogels and physical stimulation based strategies

“…Concomitantly, there have been customized designs produced using CAD designing softwares for the fabrication of whole menisci as well [17,[115][116][117]. The most precise meniscus models from the patient could be achieved with the aid of MRI/CT scan images and reconstructing the same using segmentation [17,61,62,[118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128] (figure 2(II)). In our study we adopted a hybrid approach where a reconstructed MRI model was used in conjunction with a 3D CAD designed model for fabrication of meniscus constructs [9] (figure 2(III)).…”

“…Microextrusion printing necessitates selection of a shear thinning polymer that can maintain its stability post extrusion to enable layer-by-layer fabrication of the implants, while low viscosity materials can be used for inkjet and nozzle-free 3D printing modalities [189,190]. Conventionally, synthetic materials such as poly (l-lactic acid) PLLA [191][192][193][194][195], polyglutamic acid (PGA) and PGA/PLA composites [196][197][198][199][200], PU and its composites [47,[201][202][203][204][205], polycarbonate based composites [206,207] and PCL and its composites [17,118,119,122,[208][209][210][211][212] have been used for the micro-extrusion-based fabrication of meniscus scaffolds. Additionally, synthetic photocrosslinking polymers [213][214][215] undergo facile crosslinking and high-resolution printing using nozzle-free photocuring printers.…”

“…Natural material derived scaffolds have the advantage of enabling cellular adhesion, growth factor encapsulation, enhanced cell proliferation and biochemical synthesis. The major natural scaffolding materials that have been used for meniscal tissue engineering are collagen and its composites [33,[216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224], hyaluronic acid (HA) [225][226][227][228][229][230][231], agarose [212,229,232,233], dECM from various tissues [57,61,122,[234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244], gelatin and its derivatives [208,212,[245][246][247][248][249][250] and silk fibroin [9,17,54,55,195,208,…”

Post-decellularized printing of cartilage extracellular matrix: distinction between biomaterial ink and bioink

“…16 This methodology has vanquished the main downsides of conventional scaffolding techniques, such as narrow mimicking and control over the 3D architecture of the printed constructs and reducing reproducibility. 17 From a tissue imitation perspective, a wide variety of biomimetic substrates such as cartilage, 18,19 bone, 20,21 cardiovascular, 22,23 skin, 24,25 nerve, 26,27 meniscus, 28 muscle, 29 retina 30 and other tissues have been synthesized by 3D printing. The growing popularity of this cutting-edge technology originated from its merits such as high accuracy and resolution, the capability to combine with 3D imaging data of a patient's lesion site and imitate the structure of natural tissue, which eventually leads to personalized design and precise manufacturing.…”